| (A) develop explanations and propose solutions supported
by data and models and consistent with scientific ideas, principles,
and theories;
(B) communicate explanations and solutions individually
and collaboratively in a variety of settings and formats; and
(C) engage respectfully in scientific argumentation
using applied scientific explanations and empirical evidence.
(5) The student knows the contributions of scientists
and engineers and recognizes the importance of scientific research
and innovation on society. The student is expected to:
(A) analyze, evaluate, and critique scientific explanations
and solutions by using empirical evidence, logical reasoning, and
experimental and observational testing so as to encourage critical
thinking by the student;
(B) relate the impact of past and current research
on scientific thought and society, including research methodology,
cost-benefit analysis, and contributions of diverse scientists and
engineers as related to the content; and
(C) research and explore resources such as museums,
libraries, professional organizations, private companies, online platforms,
and mentors employed in a science, technology, engineering, and mathematics
(STEM) or health science field in order to investigate careers.
(6) The student examines the field of microbiology
in relation to medical care. The student is expected to:
(A) examine the historical development of microbiology
as it relates to health care of an individual in modern medicine;
and
(B) compare the roles, functions, and responsibilities
of agencies governing infectious disease control.
(7) The student is expected to perform and analyze
results in the microbiology laboratory. The student is expected to:
(A) classify microorganisms using a dichotomous key;
(B) prepare slides and discuss the differences between
Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria such as the bacterial cell
wall and the use of oxygen;
(C) identify chemical processes such as enzyme catalyst
and osmotic potential of microorganisms;
(D) identify and discuss technologies used in a laboratory
setting such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), serology, enzyme-linked
immunoassay (ELISA), and electrophoresis;
(E) prepare plates or active mediums to differentiate
the factors required for microbial reproduction and growth;
(F) identify the normal flora microorganisms of the
human body;
(G) identify and differentiate between various pathogens,
including opportunistic pathogens, hospital-acquired infections, community-acquired
infections, and colonizing microorganisms;
(H) isolate colonies and describe the morphology of
microorganisms; and
(I) interpret and explain the role of the culture and
sensitivity report provided to the clinician.
(8) The student examines the role of microorganisms
in infectious diseases. The student is expected to:
(A) outline and explain the infectious disease process,
including how pathogenic microorganisms affect human body systems;
(B) categorize diseases caused by bacteria, including
Rickettsia, fungi, viruses, protozoa, arthropods, and helminths;
(C) explain and interpret the body's immune responses
and defenses against infection;
(D) prepare a bacterial colony and evaluate the effects
of anti-microbial agents such as narrow and broad-spectrum antibiotics;
(E) examine the environmental and social causes of
the emergence and reemergence of diseases such as corona viruses,
Ebola, malaria, tuberculosis, and polio;
(F) research and discuss drug aureus-resistant microorganisms,
including carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-intermediate/resistant Staphylococci,
vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and emergent antibiotic-resistant
superbugs; and
(G) outline the role of governing agencies in monitoring
and establishing guidelines based on the spread of infectious diseases.
(9) The student recognizes the importance of maintaining
a safe environment and eliminating hazardous situations. The student
is expected to:
(A) identify and apply standard laboratory precautions;
(B) identify and apply microbiological safety practices
in accordance with industry standards, including the proper handling,
disinfection, and disposal of biological waste and maintenance of
containment levels;
(C) identify and apply appropriate personal protection
equipment (PPE) and transmission-based precautions, including precautions
against droplet, contact, and airborne transmission;
(D) sterilize laboratory and medical equipment and
instruments in accordance with industry standards; and
(E) define and select different mechanisms of decontamination
such as antiseptics, disinfection, and sterilization.
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