| (ii) The exhaust shall be connected to an exhaust system
to the exterior which is separate from the building exhaust system.
Biological safety cabinets with HEPA filters and alarms to alert staff
do not have to be exhausted to the exterior. If the air changes for
biological safety cabinets as provided in Table 3 of §133.169(c)
of this title do not provide sufficient air for proper operation of
the safety cabinets (when in use), supplementary make-up air (filtered
and preheated) shall be provided around these units to maintain the
required airflow direction and exhaust velocity. Make-up air system
for safety cabinets shall be arranged to minimize "short circuiting"
of air and to avoid reduction in air velocity at the point of contaminant
capture.
(iii) The exhaust fan shall be located at the discharge
end of the system.
(iv) The exhaust duct system shall be of noncombustible
and corrosion-resistant material.
(v) Where fume hoods are used, the design should consider
the placement and types of air distribution devices to avoid the disturbance
of a uniform velocity across the face of the hood.
(C) When special laboratory hoods are provided, they
shall meet the following special standards for these types of hoods.
(i) Fume hoods, and their associated equipment in the
air stream, intended for use with perchloric acid and other strong
oxidants, shall be constructed of stainless steel or other material
consistent with special exposures, and be provided with a water wash
and drain system to permit periodic flushing of duct and hood. Electrical
equipment intended for installation within such ducts shall be designed
and constructed to resist penetration by water. Duct systems serving
these hoods shall be constructed of acid-resistant stainless steel
for at least 10 feet from the hood. Lubricants and seals shall not
contain organic materials. When perchloric acid or other strong oxidants
are only transferred from one container to another, standard laboratory
fume hoods and the associated equipment may be used in lieu of stainless
steel construction.
(ii) Each laboratory hood used to process infectious
or radioactive materials shall have a minimum face velocity of 90-110
feet per minute, be connected to an independent exhaust system, with
suitable pressure-independent air modulating devices and alarms to
alert staff of fan shutdown or loss of airflow. Each hood shall also
have filters with a 99.97% efficiency (based on the dioctyl-phthalate
(DOP) test method) in the exhaust stream, and be designed and equipped
to permit the safe removal, disposal, and replacement of contaminated
filters. Filters shall be as close to the hood as practical to minimize
duct contamination.
(iii) Fume hoods intended for use with radioactive
isotopes shall be constructed of stainless steel or other material
suitable for the particular exposure and shall comply with National
Fire Protection Association 801, Standard for Facilities Handling
Radioactive Materials, 2003 edition and NFPA 99, §11.3.5.
(iv) Each laboratory hood shall have a suitable pressure-independent
air modulating device and alarm to alert staff of fan shutdown or
loss of airflow. The alarm shall be audible within the laboratory
and at a 24-hour manned location.
(D) Filtration requirements for air handling units
serving the laboratory suite shall be equipped with filters having
efficiencies equal to, or greater than specified in Table 4 of §133.169(d)
of this title.
(E) Duct linings exposed to air movement shall not
be used in ducts serving any laboratory room and clean room unless
terminal filters of at least 80% efficiency are installed downstream
of linings. This requirement shall not apply to mixing boxes and acoustical
traps that have special coverings over such lining.
(4) Piping systems and plumbing fixtures. Piping systems
and plumbing fixtures shall be in accordance with §133.162(d)(4)
of this title and this paragraph.
(A) General.
(i) Faucet spouts at lavatories and sinks shall have
clearances adequate to avoid contaminating utensils and the contents
of beakers, test tubes, etc.
(ii) Drain lines from sinks used for acid waste disposal
shall be made of acid-resistant material.
(iii) Drain lines serving some types of automatic blood-cell
counters must be of carefully selected material that will eliminate
potential for undesirable chemical reactions (and/or explosions) between
sodium azide wastes and copper, lead, brass, and solder, etc.
(B) Medical gas systems. When provided, medical gas
systems shall comply with §133.162(d)(4)(A)(iii) and (iv) of
this title. The number of outlets in the laboratory for vacuum, gases,
and air shall be determined by the functional program requirements.
(5) Electrical requirements. Electrical requirements
shall be in accordance with §133.162(d)(5) of this title.
(A) The blood storage refrigerator shall have an alarm
device to indicate a temperature increase or malfunction and indicate
an audible warning at a 24-hour manned location.
(B) The blood storage refrigerator shall be connected
to the critical branch of the emergency essential electrical system.
(C) All exhausts hoods shall be connected to the emergency
essential electrical system.
(o) Laundry suite. Laundry facilities shall be provided
on site or off site. On-site laundry services may be within the hospital
or in a separate building on-site. The laundry facilities shall be
separated from patient rooms, areas of food preparation and storage,
and areas in which clean supplies and equipment are stored.
(1) Architectural requirements.
(A) When laundry service is provided on site, it shall
comply with the following.
(i) Soiled and clean linen processing rooms shall be
provided. When the soiled and clean linen processing are combined
in a single room, each process shall be physically separated within
the room.
(ii) Adequate hand washing facilities shall be provided
in both the soiled and clean processing areas.
(iii) A receiving, holding, and sorting room for control
and distribution of soiled linen shall be provided. This area may
be combined with the soiled linens processing room. Discharge from
soiled linen chutes may be received in the soiled room/area or in
a separate dedicated room.
(iv) A laundry processing room shall be provided with
a commercial washer(s) and dryer(s) capable of processing at least
a seven-day laundry supply within the regular scheduled work week.
(v) A clean linen processing room/area shall be provided
with folding counters or tables. This area shall have provisions for
inspections, folding, packing and mending of linen.
(vi) A holding room or area for storage and issuing
of clean linen shall be provided but may be combined with clean linen
processing room.
(vii) Storage space and cabinets for soaps, stain removers,
and other laundry processing agents shall be located in the soiled
and clean processing room/areas.
(viii) Laundry equipment shall be arranged so that
the processing of laundry is an orderly work flow from soiled to clean
operations. Cross-traffic shall be held to a minimum to prevent contamination.
(B) When laundry service is provided off site, the
following minimum requirements shall be provided on site:
(i) a service entrance which shall have a drive under
canopy for protection from inclement weather, for loading and unloading
of linen;
(ii) a control station for pickup and receiving. This
may be a room at the common loading dock, in the soiled linen holding
room, or the central clean linen storage room;
(iii) a soiled linen holding room; and
(iv) a central clean linen storage/issuing room in
addition to linen storage required at the individual patient units.
(C) The following areas/rooms shall be provided regardless
of delivery type of laundry service:
(i) office space for the director of laundry services;
(ii) cart storage rooms for clean and soiled linen.
The cart storage areas may be provided within the clean and soiled
rooms. Carts may not be parked or stored in the egress corridor;
(iii) cart sanitizing facilities which comply with
subsection (b) of this section;
(iv) staff toilet in the laundry suite or convenient
for staff use and with a hand washing fixture with hands-free operable
controls;
(v) lockers for staff use may be in laundry suite or
part of a central locker room when convenient to the laundry; and
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