| (iii) The air concentration values listed in Column
I of Table II of subparagraph (F) of this paragraph were derived by
one of two methods. For those radionuclides for which the stochastic
limit is governing, the occupational stochastic inhalation ALI was
divided by 2.4 x 109 , relating the inhalation
ALI to the DAC, as explained in subparagraph (B)(viii) of this paragraph,
and then divided by a factor of 300. The factor of 300 includes the
following components:
(I) a factor of 50 to relate the 5 rems (0.05 Sv) annual
occupational dose limit to the 0.1 rem limit for members of the public;
(II) a factor of 3 to adjust for the difference in
exposure time and the inhalation rate for a worker and that for members
of the public; and
(III) a factor of 2 to adjust the occupational values,
derived for adults, so that they are applicable to other age groups.
(iv) For those radionuclides for which submersion,
that is external dose, is limiting, the occupational DAC in Column
3 of Table I of subparagraph (F) of this paragraph was divided by
219. The factor of 219 is composed of a factor of 50, as described
in clause (iii) of this subparagraph, and a factor of 4.38 relating
occupational exposure for 2,000 hours per year to full-time exposure
(8,760 hours per year). Note that an additional factor of 2 for age
considerations is not warranted in the submersion case.
(v) The water concentrations were derived by taking
the most restrictive occupational stochastic oral ingestion ALI and
dividing by 7.3 x 107 . The factor of
7.3 x 107 milliliters (ml) includes the
following components:
(I) the factors of 50 and 2 described in clause (iii)
of this subparagraph; and
(II) a factor of 7.3 x 105 ml
which is the annual water intake of "Reference Man."
(vi) Note 2 of subparagraph (F) of this paragraph provides
groupings of radionuclides that are applicable to unknown mixtures
of radionuclides. These groupings, including occupational inhalation
ALIs and DACs, air and water effluent concentrations, and releases
to sewer, require demonstrating that the most limiting radionuclides
in successive classes are absent. The limit for the unknown mixture
is defined when the presence of one of the listed radionuclides cannot
be definitely excluded as being present either from knowledge of the
radionuclide composition of the source or from actual measurements.
(D) Releases to sewers. The monthly average concentrations
for release to sanitary sewerage are applicable to the provisions
in subsection (gg) of this section. The concentration values were
derived by taking the most restrictive occupational stochastic oral
ingestion ALI and dividing by 7.3 x 106 ml.
The factor of 7.3 x 106 ml is composed
of a factor of 7.3 x 105 ml, the annual
water intake by "Reference Man," and a factor of 10, such that the
concentrations, if the sewage released by the licensee were the only
source of water ingested by a "Reference Man" during a year, would
result in a committed effective dose equivalent of 0.5 rem.
(E) List of elements.
Attached Graphic
(F) Tables--Values for annual limits. The following
tables contain values for annual limits on intake (ALI) and derived
air concentrations (DAC) of radionuclides for occupational exposure;
effluent concentrations; concentrations for release to sanitary sewerage:
Attached Graphic
(3) Quantities of licensed material requiring labeling.
The following tables contain quantities of licensed material requiring
labeling:
Attached Graphic
(4) Classification and characteristics of low-level
radioactive waste (LLRW).
(A) Classification of radioactive waste for land disposal.
(i) Considerations. Determination of the classification
of LLRW involves two considerations. First, consideration must be
given to the concentration of long-lived radionuclides (and their
shorter-lived precursors) whose potential hazard will persist long
after such precautions as institutional controls, improved waste form,
and deeper disposal have ceased to be effective. These precautions
delay the time when long-lived radionuclides could cause exposures.
In addition, the magnitude of the potential dose is limited by the
concentration and availability of the radionuclide at the time of
exposure. Second, consideration must be given to the concentration
of shorter-lived radionuclides for which requirements on institutional
controls, waste form, and disposal methods are effective.
(ii) Classes of waste.
(I) Class A waste is waste that is usually segregated
from other waste classes at the disposal site. The physical form and
characteristics of Class A waste must meet the minimum requirements
set forth in subparagraph (B)(i) of this paragraph. If Class A waste
also meets the stability requirements set forth in subparagraph (B)(ii)
of this paragraph, it is not necessary to segregate the waste for
disposal.
(II) Class B waste is waste that must meet more rigorous
requirements on waste form to ensure stability after disposal. The
physical form and characteristics of Class B waste must meet both
the minimum and stability requirements set forth in subparagraph (B)
of this paragraph.
(III) Class C waste is waste that not only must meet
more rigorous requirements on waste form to ensure stability but also
requires additional measures at the disposal facility to protect against
inadvertent intrusion. The physical form and characteristics of Class
C waste must meet both the minimum and stability requirements set
forth in subparagraph (B) of this paragraph.
(iii) Classification determined by long-lived radionuclides.
If the radioactive waste contains only radionuclides listed in subclause
(V) of this clause, classification shall be determined as follows.
(I) If the concentration does not exceed 0.1 times
the value in subclause (V) of this clause, the waste is Class A.
(II) If the concentration exceeds 0.1 times the value
in Table I, but does not exceed the value in subclause (V) of this
clause, the waste is Class C.
(III) If the concentration exceeds the value in subclause
(V) of this clause, the waste is not generally acceptable for land
disposal.
(IV) For wastes containing mixtures of radionuclides
listed in subclause (V) of this clause, the total concentration shall
be determined by the sum of fractions rule described in clause (vii)
of this subparagraph.
(V) Classification table for long-lived radionuclides.
Attached Graphic
(iv) Classification determined by short-lived radionuclides.
If the waste does not contain any of the radionuclides listed in clause
(iii)(V) of this subparagraph, classification shall be determined
based on the concentrations shown in subclause (VI) of this clause.
However, as specified in clause (vi) of this subparagraph, if radioactive
waste does not contain any nuclides listed in either clause (iii)(V)
of this subparagraph or subclause (VI) of this clause, it is Class
A.
(I) If the concentration does not exceed the value
in Column 1 of subclause (VI) of this clause, the waste is Class A.
(II) If the concentration exceeds the value in Column
1 of subclause (VI) of this clause but does not exceed the value in
Column 2 of subclause (VI) of this clause, the waste is Class B.
(III) If the concentration exceeds the value in Column
2 of subclause (VI) of this clause but does not exceed the value in
Column 3 of subclause (VI) of this clause, the waste is Class C.
(IV) If the concentration exceeds the value in Column
3 of subclause (VI) of this clause, the waste is not generally acceptable
for near-surface disposal.
(V) For wastes containing mixtures of the radionuclides
listed in subclause (VI) of this clause, the total concentration shall
be determined by the sum of fractions rule described in clause (vii)
of this subparagraph.
(VI) Classification table for short-lived radionuclides.
Attached Graphic
(v) Classification determined by both long- and short-lived
radionuclides. If the radioactive waste contains a mixture of radionuclides,
some of which are listed in clause (iii)(V) of this subparagraph and
some of which are listed in clause (iv)(VI) of this subparagraph,
classification shall be determined as follows.
(I) If the concentration of a radionuclide listed in
clause (iii)(V) of this subparagraph is less than 0.1 times the value
listed in clause (iii)(V) of this subparagraph, the class shall be
that determined by the concentration of radionuclides listed in clause
(iv)(VI) of this subparagraph.
Cont'd... |
