| (ii) If multiple measurements have been made, assignment
of the deep dose equivalent for the declared pregnant woman from the
individual monitoring device that is most representative of the dose
equivalent to the embryo/fetus shall be the dose equivalent to the
embryo/fetus. Assignment of the highest deep dose equivalent for the
declared pregnant woman to the embryo/fetus is not required unless
that dose equivalent is also the most representative deep dose equivalent
for the region of the embryo/fetus.
(4) If by the time the woman declares pregnancy to
the licensee, the dose equivalent to the embryo/fetus has exceeded
0.45 rem (4.5 mSv), the licensee shall be deemed to be in compliance
with paragraph (1) of this subsection, if the additional dose equivalent
to the embryo/fetus does not exceed 0.05 rem (0.5 mSv) during the
remainder of the pregnancy.
(n) Dose limits for individual members of the public.
(1) Each licensee shall conduct operations so that:
(A) The total effective dose equivalent to individual
members of the public from the licensed and/or registered operation
does not exceed 0.1 rem (1 mSv) in a year, exclusive of the dose contribution
from background radiation, from any medical administration the individual
has received, from exposure to individuals administered radioactive
material and released in accordance with §289.256 of this title
(relating to Medical and Veterinary Use of Radioactive Material),
from voluntary participation in medical research programs, and from
the licensee's disposal of radioactive material into sanitary sewerage
in accordance with subsection (gg) of this section; and
(B) the dose in any unrestricted area from licensed
and/or registered external sources, exclusive of the dose contributions
from patients administered radioactive material and released in accordance
with §289.256 of this title, does not exceed 0.002 rem (0.02
mSv) in any one hour.
(2) If the licensee permits members of the public to
have access to restricted areas, the limits for members of the public
continue to apply to those individuals.
(3) A licensee or an applicant for a license may apply
for prior agency authorization to operate up to an annual dose limit
for an individual member of the public of 0.5 rem (5 mSv). This application
shall include the following information:
(A) demonstration of the need for and the expected
duration of operations in excess of the limit in paragraph (1) of
this subsection;
(B) the licensee's program to assess and control dose
within the 0.5 rem (5 mSv) annual limit; and
(C) the procedures to be followed to maintain the dose
ALARA.
(4) In addition to the requirements of this section,
a licensee subject to the provisions of the United States Environmental
Protection Agency's (EPA) generally applicable environmental radiation
standards in 40 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), §190 shall
comply with those requirements.
(5) The agency may impose additional restrictions on
radiation levels in unrestricted areas and on the total quantity of
radionuclides that a licensee may release in effluents in order to
restrict the collective dose.
(6) Notwithstanding paragraph (1)(A) of this subsection,
a licensee may permit visitors to an individual who cannot be released,
in accordance with §289.256 of this title, to receive a radiation
dose greater than 0.1 rem (1 mSv) if:
(A) the radiation dose received does not exceed 0.5
rem (5 mSv); and
(B) the authorized user, as defined in §289.256
of this title, has determined before the visit that it is appropriate.
(o) Compliance with dose limits for individual members
of the public.
(1) The licensee shall make or cause to be made surveys
of radiation levels in unrestricted areas and radioactive materials
in effluents released to unrestricted areas to demonstrate compliance
with the dose limits for individual members of the public as required
in subsection (n) of this section.
(2) A licensee shall show compliance with the annual
dose limit in subsection (n) of this section by:
(A) demonstrating by measurement or calculation that
the total effective dose equivalent to the individual likely to receive
the highest dose from the licensed or registered operation does not
exceed the annual dose limit; or
(B) demonstrating that:
(i) the annual average concentrations of radioactive
material released in gaseous and liquid effluents at the boundary
of the unrestricted area do not exceed the values specified in Table
II of subsection (ggg)(2) of this section; and
(ii) if an individual were continuously present in
an unrestricted area, the dose from external sources of radiation
would not exceed 0.002 rem (0.02 mSv) in an hour and 0.05 rem (0.5
mSv) in a year.
(3) Upon approval from the agency, the licensee may
adjust the effluent concentration values in Table II, of subsection
(ggg)(2) of this section, for members of the public, to take into
account the actual physical and chemical characteristics of the effluents,
such as, aerosol size distribution, solubility, density, radioactive
decay equilibrium, and chemical form.
(p) General surveys and monitoring.
(1) Each licensee shall make, or cause to be made,
surveys of areas, including the subsurface that:
(A) are necessary for the licensee to comply with this
chapter; and
(B) are necessary under the circumstances to evaluate:
(i) the magnitude and extent of radiation levels;
(ii) concentrations or quantities of residual radioactivity;
and
(iii) the potential radiological hazards of the radiation
levels and residual radioactivity detected.
(2) In addition to subsection (nn) of this section,
records from surveys describing the location and amount of subsurface
residual radioactivity identified at the site shall be kept with records
important for decommissioning, and such records shall be maintained
and retained in accordance with §289.252(gg) of this title (relating
to Licensing of Radioactive Material).
(3) The licensee shall ensure that instruments and
equipment used for quantitative radiation measurements, for example,
dose rate and effluent monitoring, are operable and calibrated:
(A) by a person licensed or registered by the agency,
the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), or any agreement
state to perform such service;
(B) at intervals not to exceed 12 months unless a different
time interval is specified in another section of this chapter;
(C) after each instrument or equipment repair;
(D) for the types of radiation used and at energies
appropriate for use; and
(E) at an accuracy within 20% of the true radiation
level.
(4) All individual monitoring devices, except for direct
and indirect reading pocket dosimeters, electronic personal dosimeters,
and those individual monitoring devices used to measure the dose to
any extremity, that require processing to determine the radiation
dose and that are used by licensees to comply with subsection (f)
of this section, with other applicable provisions of this chapter,
or with conditions specified in a license, shall be processed and
evaluated by a dosimetry processor:
(A) holding current personnel dosimetry accreditation
from the National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program (NVLAP)
of the National Institute of Standards and Technology; and
(B) approved in this accreditation process for the
type of radiation or radiations included in the NVLAP program that
most closely approximates the type of radiation or radiations for
which the individual wearing the dosimeter is monitored.
(5) All individual monitoring devices shall be appropriate
for the environment in which they are used.
(q) Conditions requiring individual monitoring of external
and internal occupational dose. Each licensee shall monitor exposures
from sources of radiation at levels sufficient to demonstrate compliance
with the occupational dose limits of this section. As a minimum:
(1) each licensee shall monitor occupational exposure
to radiation and shall supply and require the use of individual monitoring
devices by:
(A) adults likely to receive, in one year from sources
external to the body, a dose in excess of 10% of the limits in subsection
(f)(1) of this section;
(B) minors likely to receive, in one year from sources
of radiation external to the body, a deep dose equivalent in excess
of 0.1 rem (1 mSv), a lens dose equivalent in excess of 0.15 rem (1.5
mSv), or a shallow dose equivalent to the skin or to the extremities
in excess of 0.5 rem (5 mSv);
Cont'd... |
