| (C) declared pregnant women likely to receive during
the entire pregnancy, from sources of radiation external to the body,
a deep dose equivalent in excess of 0.1 rem (1 mSv); and
(D) individuals entering a high or very high radiation
area;
(2) notwithstanding paragraph (1)(C) of this subsection,
a licensee is exempt from supplying individual monitoring devices
to healthcare personnel who may enter a high radiation area while
providing patient care if:
(A) the personnel are not likely to receive, in one
year from sources external to the body, a dose in excess of 10% of
the limits in subsection (f)(1) of this section; and
(B) the licensee complies with the requirements of
subsection (e)(2) of this section; and
(3) each licensee shall monitor, to determine compliance
with subsection (i) of this section, the occupational intake of radioactive
material by and assess the committed effective dose equivalent to:
(A) adults likely to receive, in one year, an intake
in excess of 10% of the applicable ALI in Columns 1 and 2 of Table
I of subsection (ggg)(2) of this section;
(B) minors likely to receive, in one year, a committed
effective dose equivalent in excess of 0.1 rem (1 mSv); and
(C) declared pregnant women likely to receive, during
the entire pregnancy, a committed effective dose equivalent in excess
of 0.1 rem (1 mSv).
(r) Location and use of individual monitoring devices.
(1) Each licensee shall ensure that individuals who
are required to monitor occupational doses in accordance with subsection
(q)(l) of this section wear and use individual monitoring devices
as follows.
(A) An individual monitoring device used for monitoring
the dose to the whole body shall be worn at the unshielded location
of the whole body likely to receive the highest exposure. When a protective
apron is worn, the location of the individual monitoring device is
typically at the neck (collar).
(B) If an additional individual monitoring device is
used for monitoring the dose to an embryo/fetus of a declared pregnant
woman, in accordance with subsection (m)(1) of this section, it shall
be located at the waist under any protective apron being worn by the
woman.
(C) An individual monitoring device used for monitoring
the lens dose equivalent, to demonstrate compliance with subsection
(f)(1)(B)(i) of this section, shall be located at the neck (collar)
or at a location closer to the eye, outside any protective apron being
worn by the monitored individual.
(D) An individual monitoring device used for monitoring
the dose to the skin of the extremities, to demonstrate compliance
with subsection (f)(1)(B)(ii) of this section, shall be worn on the
skin of the extremity likely to receive the highest exposure. Each
individual monitoring device, to the extent practicable, shall be
oriented to measure the highest dose to the skin of the extremity
being monitored.
(E) An individual monitoring device shall be assigned
to and worn by only one individual.
(F) An individual monitoring device shall be worn for
the period of time authorized by the dosimetry processor's certificate
of registration or for no longer than three months, whichever is more
restrictive.
(2) Each licensee shall ensure that individual monitoring
devices are returned to the dosimetry processor for proper processing.
(3) Each licensee shall ensure that adequate precautions
are taken to prevent a deceptive exposure of an individual monitoring
device.
(s) Control of access to high radiation areas.
(1) The licensee shall ensure that each entrance or
access point to a high radiation area has one or more of the following
features:
(A) a control device that, upon entry into the area,
causes the level of radiation to be reduced below that level at which
an individual might receive a deep dose equivalent of 0.1 rem (1 mSv)
in one hour at 30 centimeters (cm) from the source of radiation from
any surface that the radiation penetrates;
(B) a control device that energizes a conspicuous visible
or audible alarm signal so that the individual entering the high radiation
area and the supervisor of the activity are made aware of the entry;
or
(C) entryways that are locked, except during periods
when access to the areas is required, with positive control over each
individual entry.
(2) In place of the controls required by paragraph
(1) of this subsection for a high radiation area, the licensee may
substitute continuous direct or electronic surveillance that is capable
of preventing unauthorized entry.
(3) The licensee may apply to the agency for approval
of alternative methods for controlling access to high radiation areas.
(4) The licensee shall establish the controls required
by paragraphs (1) and (3) of this subsection in a way that does not
prevent individuals from leaving a high radiation area.
(5) The licensee is not required to control each entrance
or access point to a room or other area that is a high radiation area
solely because of the presence of radioactive materials prepared for
transport and packaged and labeled in accordance with the regulations
of the United States Department of Transportation (DOT) provided that:
(A) the packages do not remain in the area longer than
three days; and
(B) the dose rate at 1 meter (m) from the external
surface of any package does not exceed 0.01 rem (0.1 mSv) per hour.
(6) The licensee is not required to control entrance
or access to rooms or other areas in hospitals solely because of the
presence of patients containing radioactive material, provided that
there are personnel in attendance who are taking the necessary precautions
to prevent the exposure of individuals to sources of radiation in
excess of the established limits in this section and to operate within
the ALARA provisions of the licensee's radiation protection program.
(t) Control of access to very high radiation areas.
In addition to the requirements in subsection (s) of this section,
the licensee shall institute measures to ensure that an individual
is not able to gain unauthorized or inadvertent access to areas in
which radiation levels could be encountered at 500 rads (5 grays)
or more in one hour at 1 m from a source of radiation or any surface
through which the radiation penetrates at this level.
(u) Control of access to very high radiation areas
for irradiators.
(1) This subsection applies to licensees with sources
of radiation in non-self-shielded irradiators. This subsection does
not apply to sources of radiation that are used in teletherapy, in
industrial radiography, or in completely self-shielded irradiators
in which the source of radiation is both stored and operated within
the same shielding radiation barrier and, in the designed configuration
of the irradiator, is always physically inaccessible to any individual
and cannot create high levels of radiation in an area that is accessible
to any individual.
(2) Each area in which there may exist radiation levels
in excess of 500 rads (5 grays) in one hour at 1 m from a source of
radiation that is used to irradiate materials shall meet the following
requirements.
(A) Each entrance or access point shall be equipped
with entry control devices that:
(i) function automatically to prevent any individual
from inadvertently entering a very high radiation area;
(ii) permit deliberate entry into the area only after
a control device is actuated that causes the radiation level within
the area, from the source of radiation, to be reduced below that at
which it would be possible for an individual to receive a deep dose
equivalent in excess of 0.1 rem (1 mSv) in one hour; and
(iii) prevent operation of the source of radiation
if it would produce radiation levels in the area that could result
in a deep dose equivalent to an individual in excess of 0.1 rem (1
mSv) in one hour.
(B) Additional control devices shall be provided so
that, upon failure of the entry control devices to function as required
by subparagraph (A) of this paragraph:
(i) the radiation level within the area, from the source
of radiation, is reduced below that at which it would be possible
for an individual to receive a deep dose equivalent in excess of 0.1
rem (1 mSv) in one hour; and
(ii) conspicuous visible and audible alarm signals
are generated to make an individual attempting to enter the area aware
of the hazard and at least one other authorized individual, who is
physically present, familiar with the activity, and prepared to render
or summon assistance, aware of the failure of the entry control devices.
(C) The licensee shall provide control devices so that,
upon failure or removal of physical radiation barriers other than
the sealed source's shielded storage container:
Cont'd... |
