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to return each individual monitoring device within 14 calendar days,
such circumstances shall be documented and available for review by
the agency.
(J) If an individual monitoring device is lost or damaged,
the worker shall cease work immediately until a replacement individual
monitoring device is provided and the exposure is calculated for the
time period from issuance to loss or damage of the individual monitoring
device. The results of the calculated exposure and the time period
for which the individual monitoring device was lost or damaged shall
be included in the records maintained in accordance with paragraph
(6) of this subsection and subsection (v)(1) of this section.
(3) Pocket dosimeters or electronic personal dosimeters
shall be checked for correct response to radiation at periods not
to exceed one year. Acceptable dosimeters shall read within plus or
minus 20% of the true radiation exposure.
(4) Each alarming ratemeter shall:
(A) be checked without being exposed to radiation prior
to use at the start of each work shift, to ensure that the audible
alarm is functioning properly;
(B) be set to give an alarm signal at a preset dose
rate of 500 mrem/hr (5 mSv/hr) or lower with an accuracy of plus or
minus 20% of the true radiation dose rate;
(C) require special means to change the preset alarm
function;
(D) be calibrated for correct response to radiation
at intervals not to exceed one year; and
(E) have an audible alarm sufficient to be heard by
the individual wearing the alarming ratemeter in a work environment
or have other visual or physical notification of alarming conditions.
(5) The following records required by this subsection
shall be made and maintained by the licensee or registrant for inspection
by the agency in accordance with the following time requirements and
subsection (v)(1) of this section.
(A) Records of pocket dosimeter or electronic personal
dosimeter readings and yearly operational response checks shall be
maintained for three years. If the dosimeter readings were used to
determine external radiation dose (for example, no individual monitoring
device exposure records exist), the records shall be maintained for
agency inspection until disposal is authorized by the agency.
(B) Records of pocket dosimeter and electronic personal
dosimeter readings of personnel exposures shall be maintained for
three years.
(C) Records of estimates of exposures as a result of
off-scale personal direct-reading dosimeters, or lost or damaged individual
monitoring devices shall be maintained until disposal is authorized
by the agency.
(6) The following records required by this subsection
shall be maintained in accordance with the following time requirements
and subsection (v)(1) of this section.
(A) Records of alarming ratemeter calibrations shall
be maintained for three years.
(B) Records of individual monitoring device results
received from the device processor shall be maintained until disposal
is authorized by the agency.
(q) Access control.
(1) During each industrial radiographic operation,
radiographic personnel shall maintain continuous visual surveillance
of the operation to protect against unauthorized entry into a radiation
area or high radiation area, except at permanent radiographic installations
where all entryways are locked and the requirements of subsection
(n) of this section are met.
(2) Radiographic exposure devices shall not be left
unattended except when in storage or physically secured against unauthorized
removal or tampering.
(r) Posting. All areas in which industrial radiography
is being performed shall be posted conspicuously in accordance with
§289.202 of this title or §289.231 of this title, as applicable,
including the following.
(1) Radiation areas. Each radiation area shall be posted
conspicuously with a sign(s) displaying the radiation caution symbol
and the words "CAUTION, RADIATION AREA" or "DANGER, RADIATION AREA."
(2) High radiation area. Each high radiation area shall
be posted conspicuously with a sign(s) displaying the radiation caution
symbol and the words "CAUTION, HIGH RADIATION AREA" or "DANGER, HIGH
RADIATION AREA."
(3) Whenever practicable, ropes and/or barriers shall
be used in addition to appropriate signs to designate areas in accordance
with §289.202(n)(1) of this title or §289.231(o)(1) of this
title, as applicable, and to help prevent unauthorized entry.
(4) During pipeline industrial radiographic operations,
sufficient radiation signs and other barriers shall be posted to prevent
unmonitored individuals from entering the area in accordance with
§289.202(n)(1) of this title or §289.231(o)(1) of this title,
as applicable.
(5) In lieu of the requirements of subsection (r)(1)
and (2) of this section, a restricted area may be established in accordance
with §289.202(n)(1) of this title or §289.231(o)(1) of this
title, as applicable, and be posted in accordance with subsection
(r)(1) and (2) of this section, for example, both signs may be posted
at the same location at the boundary of the restricted area.
(6) Exceptions listed in §289.202(bb) of this
title or §289.231(y) of this title, as applicable, do not apply
to industrial radiographic operations.
(s) Specific requirements for radiographic personnel
performing industrial radiography.
(1) At a job site, the following shall be supplied
by the licensee or registrant:
(A) at least one operable, calibrated survey instrument
for each exposure device or radiation machine in use;
(B) an individual monitoring device that meets the
requirements of §289.202(p)(3) and (4), (q), and (r) of this
title or §289.231(s)(3) of this title, as applicable, for each
worker;
(C) an operable, calibrated pocket dosimeter or electronic
personal dosimeter with a range of zero to 200 mrem (2 mSv) for each
worker;
(D) an operable, calibrated, alarming ratemeter for
each worker; and
(E) the appropriate barrier ropes and signs.
(2) Each radiographer at a job site shall carry a valid
certification ID card issued by the agency or another certifying entity
whose certification offers the same or comparable certification standards.
(3) Each radiographer trainee at a job site shall carry
a trainee status card issued by the agency or equivalent documentation
in accordance with subsection (e)(1) of this section.
(4) Radiographic personnel shall not perform radiographic
operations if any of the items in paragraphs (1) - (3) of this subsection
are not available at the job site or are inoperable. Radiographic
personnel shall ensure that the items listed in paragraph (1) of this
subsection, radiographic exposure devices, and radiation machines
are used in accordance with the requirements of this section.
(5) During an inspection by the agency, an agency inspector
may terminate an operation if any of the items in paragraphs (1) -
(3) of this subsection are not available and operable or if the required
number of radiographic personnel are not present. Operations shall
not be resumed until all required conditions are met.
(t) Radiation safety and registration requirements
for the use of radiation machines.
(1) Registration requirements for industrial radiographic
operations.
(A) Radiation machines used in industrial radiographic
operations shall be registered in accordance with §289.226 of
this title.
(B) In addition to the registration requirements in
§289.226(e) and (i) of this title, an application for a certificate
of registration shall include the following information.
(i) A schedule or description of the program for training
radiographic personnel that specifies:
(I) initial training;
(II) annual refresher training;
(III) on-the-job training;
(IV) procedures for administering the oral and written
examination to determine the knowledge, understanding, and ability
of radiographic personnel to comply with the requirements of this
chapter, the conditions of the certificate of registration, and the
registrant's operating, safety, and emergency procedures; and
(V) procedures for administering the practical examination
to demonstrate competence in the use of sources of radiation and radiation
survey instruments that may be employed in industrial radiographic
assignments.
(ii) Written operating, safety, and emergency procedures
that are made available to each individual operating a radiation machine,
including any restrictions of the operating technique required for
the safe operation of the particular x-ray system;
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