| (E) The licensee shall use respiratory protection equipment
within the equipment manufacturer's expressed limitations for type
and mode of use and shall provide for vision correction, adequate
communication, low-temperature work environment, and the concurrent
use of other safety or radiological protection equipment. The licensee
shall use equipment in such a way as not to interfere with the proper
operation of the respirator.
(F) Standby rescue persons are required whenever one-piece
atmosphere-supplying suits, or any combination of supplied air respiratory
protection device and personnel protective equipment are used from
which an unaided individual may have difficulty extricating himself
or herself. The standby persons shall be equipped with respiratory
protection devices or other apparatus appropriate for the potential
hazards. The standby rescue persons shall observe or otherwise maintain
continuous communication with the workers (visual, voice, signal line,
telephone, radio, or other suitable means), and be immediately available
to assist them in case of a failure of the air supply or for any other
reason that requires relief from distress. A sufficient number of
standby rescue persons must be immediately available to assist all
users of this type of equipment and to provide effective emergency
rescue if needed.
(G) Atmosphere-supplying respirators shall be supplied
with respirable air of grade D quality or better as defined by the
Compressed Gas Association in publication G-7.1, "Commodity Specification
for Air," 1997 and included in the regulations of the Occupational
Safety and Health Administration (Title 29, CFR, §1910.134(i)(1)(ii)(A)
through (E). Grade D quality air criteria include:
(i) oxygen content (volume/volume) of 19.5-23.5%;
(ii) hydrocarbon (condensed) content of 5 mg per cubic
meter of air or less;
(iii) carbon monoxide (CO) content of 10 parts per
million (ppm) or less;
(iv) carbon dioxide content of 1,000 ppm or less; and
(v) lack of noticeable odor.
(H) The licensee shall ensure that no objects, materials
or substances, such as facial hair, or any conditions that interfere
with the face-facepiece seal or valve function, and that are under
the control of the respirator wearer, are present between the skin
of the wearer's face and the sealing surface of a tight-fitting respirator
facepiece.
(I) In estimating the dose to individuals from intake
of airborne radioactive materials, the concentration of radioactive
material in the air that is inhaled when respirators are worn is initially
assumed to be the ambient concentration in air without respiratory
protection, divided by the assigned protection factor. If the dose
is later found to be greater than the estimated dose, the corrected
value shall be used. If the dose is later found to be less than the
estimated dose, the corrected value may be used.
(2) The agency may impose restrictions in addition
to those in paragraph (1) of this subsection, subsection (w) of this
section, and subsection (ggg)(1) of this section, in order to:
(A) ensure that the respiratory protection program
of the licensee is adequate to limit doses to individuals from intakes
of airborne radioactive materials consistent with maintaining total
effective dose equivalent ALARA; and
(B) limit the extent to which a licensee may use respiratory
protection equipment instead of process or other engineering controls.
(3) The licensee shall obtain authorization from the
agency before assigning respiratory protection factors in excess of
those specified in subsection (ggg)(1) of this section. The agency
may authorize a licensee to use higher protection factors on receipt
of an application that:
(A) describes the situation for which a need exists
for higher protection factors; and
(B) demonstrates that the respiratory protection equipment
provides these higher protection factors under the proposed conditions
of use.
(y) Security and control of licensed sources of radiation.
(1) The licensee shall secure radioactive material
from unauthorized removal or access.
(2) The licensee shall maintain constant surveillance,
using devices and/or administrative procedures to prevent unauthorized
access to use of radioactive material that is in an unrestricted area
and that is not in storage.
(3) Each portable gauge licensee shall use a minimum
of two independent physical controls that form tangible barriers to
secure portable gauges from unauthorized removal, whenever portable
gauges are not under the control and constant surveillance of the
licensee.
(4) Utilization records shall be maintained for portable
and mobile devices which contain radioactive material, and which are
transported from a licensed site temporarily for use by the licensee
and then returned to the licensed site of origin. The information
required by subparagraphs (A) - (D) of this paragraph shall be recorded
when a device is removed from the licensed site. The information in
subparagraph (E) of this paragraph shall be recorded when a device
is returned to the licensed site:
(A) the manufacturer, model, and serial number of the
device;
(B) the name of the individual(s) transporting and
using the device;
(C) the location(s) where each device is used;
(D) the date each device is removed from storage; and
(E) the date each device is returned to storage.
(5) Utilization records shall be maintained at the
licensed site where the devices are stored for inspection by the agency
in accordance with subsection (ggg)(5) of this section.
(z) Caution signs.
(1) Unless otherwise authorized by the agency, the
standard radiation symbol prescribed shall use the colors magenta,
or purple, or black on yellow background. The standard radiation symbol
prescribed is the three-bladed design as follows:
Attached Graphic
(A) the cross-hatched area of the symbol is to be magenta,
or purple, or black; and
(B) the background of the symbol is to be yellow.
(2) Notwithstanding the requirements of paragraph (1)
of this subsection, licensees are authorized to label sources, source
holders, or device components containing sources of radiation that
are subjected to high temperatures, with conspicuously etched or stamped
radiation caution symbols and without a color requirement.
(aa) Posting requirements.
(1) The licensee shall post each radiation area with
a conspicuous sign or signs bearing the radiation symbol and the words
"CAUTION, RADIATION AREA."
(2) The licensee shall post each high radiation area
with a conspicuous sign or signs bearing the radiation symbol and
the words "CAUTION, HIGH RADIATION AREA" or "DANGER, HIGH RADIATION
AREA."
(3) The licensee shall post each very high radiation
area with a conspicuous sign or signs bearing the radiation symbol
and words "GRAVE DANGER, VERY HIGH RADIATION AREA." If the very high
radiation area involves medical treatment of patients, the licensee
may omit the word "GRAVE" from the sign or signs.
(4) The licensee shall post each airborne radioactivity
area with a conspicuous sign or signs bearing the radiation symbol
and the words "CAUTION, AIRBORNE RADIOACTIVITY AREA" or "DANGER, AIRBORNE
RADIOACTIVITY AREA."
(5) The licensee shall post each area or room in which
there is used or stored an amount of licensed material exceeding 10
times the quantity of such material specified in subsection (ggg)(3)
of this section with a conspicuous sign or signs bearing the radiation
symbol and the words "CAUTION, RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL(S)" or "DANGER,
RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL(S)."
(bb) Exceptions to posting requirements.
(1) A licensee is not required to post caution signs
in areas or rooms containing sources of radiation for periods of less
than 8 hours, if each of the following conditions is met:
(A) the sources of radiation are constantly attended
during these periods by an individual who takes the precautions necessary
to prevent the exposure of individuals to sources of radiation in
excess of the limits established in this section; and
(B) the area or room is subject to the licensee's control.
(2) Rooms or other areas in hospitals that are occupied
by patients are not required to be posted with caution signs in accordance
with subsection (aa) of this section provided that the patient could
be released from licensee control in accordance with this chapter.
(3) A room or area is not required to be posted with
a caution sign because of the presence of a sealed source(s) provided
the radiation level at 30 cm from the surface of the sealed source
container(s) or housing(s) does not exceed 0.005 rem (0.05 mSv) per
hour.
Cont'd... |
