| (4) Rooms in medical facilities that are used for teletherapy
are exempt from the requirement to post caution signs in accordance
with subsection (aa) of this section provided the following conditions
are met.
(A) Access to the room is controlled in accordance
with this chapter; and
(B) Personnel in attendance take necessary precautions
to prevent the inadvertent exposure of workers, other patients, and
members of the public to radiation in excess of the limits established
in this section.
(cc) Labeling containers.
(1) The licensee shall ensure that each container of
licensed material bears a durable, clearly visible label bearing the
radiation symbol and the words "CAUTION, RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL" or
"DANGER, RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL." The label shall also provide information,
such as the radionuclides present, an estimate of the quantity of
radioactivity, the date for which the activity is estimated, radiation
levels, kinds of materials, and mass enrichment, to permit individuals
handling or using the containers, or working in the vicinity of the
containers, to take precautions to avoid or minimize exposures.
(2) Each licensee shall, prior to removal or disposal
of empty uncontaminated containers to unrestricted areas, remove or
deface the radioactive material label or otherwise clearly indicate
that the container no longer contains radioactive materials.
(dd) Exemptions to labeling requirements. A licensee
is not required to label:
(1) containers holding licensed material in quantities
less than the quantities listed in subsection (ggg)(3) of this section;
(2) containers holding licensed material in concentrations
less than those specified in Table III of subsection (ggg)(2) of this
section;
(3) containers attended by an individual who takes
the precautions necessary to prevent the exposure of individuals in
excess of the limits established by this section;
(4) containers when they are in transport and packaged
and labeled in accordance with the rules of the DOT (labeling of packages
containing radioactive materials is required by the DOT if the amount
and type of radioactive material exceeds the limits for an excepted
quantity or article as defined and limited by DOT regulations Title
49, CFR, §§173.403(m) and (w) and 173.424);
(5) containers that are accessible only to individuals
authorized to handle or use them, or to work in the vicinity of the
containers, if the contents are identified to these individuals by
a readily available written record. Examples of containers of this
type are containers in locations such as water-filled canals, storage
vaults, or hot cells. The record shall be retained as long as the
containers are in use for the purpose indicated on the record; or
(6) installed manufacturing or process equipment, such
as piping and tanks.
(ee) Procedures for receiving and opening packages.
(1) Each licensee who expects to receive a package
containing quantities of radioactive material in excess of a Type
A quantity, as defined in §289.201(b) of this title (relating
to General Provisions for Radioactive Material) and specified in §289.257(ee)
of this title (relating to Packaging and Transportation of Radioactive
Material), shall make arrangements to receive:
(A) the package when the carrier offers it for delivery;
or
(B) the notification of the arrival of the package
at the carrier's terminal and to take possession of the package expeditiously.
(2) Each licensee shall:
(A) monitor the external surfaces of a labeled package,
labeled with a Radioactive White I, Yellow II, or Yellow III label
as specified in DOT regulations Title 49, CFR, §§172.403
and 172.436-440, for radioactive contamination unless the package
contains only radioactive material in the form of gas or in special
form as defined in §289.201(b) of this title;
(B) monitor the external surfaces of a labeled package,
labeled with a Radioactive White I, Yellow II, or Yellow III label
as specified in DOT regulations Title 49, CFR, §§172.403
and 172.436 - 440, for radiation levels unless the package contains
quantities of radioactive material that are less than or equal to
the Type A quantity, as defined in §289.201(b) of this title
and specified in §289.257(ee) of this title; and
(C) monitor all packages known to contain radioactive
material for radioactive contamination and radiation levels if there
is evidence of degradation of package integrity, such as packages
that are crushed, wet, or damaged.
(3) The licensee shall perform the monitoring required
by paragraph (2) of this subsection as soon as practicable after receipt
of the package, but not later than three hours after the package is
received at the licensee's facility if it is received during the licensee's
normal working hours. If a package is received after working hours,
the package shall be monitored no later than three hours from the
beginning of the next working day. If the licensee discovers there
is evidence of degradation of package integrity, such as a package
that is crushed, wet, or damaged, the package shall be surveyed immediately.
(4) The licensee shall immediately notify the final
delivery carrier and, by telephone, facsimile, or other electronic
media transmission, the agency when removable radioactive surface
contamination or external radiation levels exceed the limits established
in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of this paragraph.
(A) Limits for removable radioactive surface contamination
levels.
(i) The level of removable radioactive contamination
on the external surfaces of each package offered for shipment shall
be ALARA. The level of removable radioactive contamination may be
determined by wiping an area of 300 square centimeters (cm2 ) of the surface concerned with an absorbent
material, using moderate pressure, and measuring the activity on the
wiping material. Sufficient measurements shall be taken in the most
appropriate locations to yield a representative assessment of the
removable contamination levels. Except as provided in clause (iii)
of this subparagraph, the amount of radioactivity measured on any
single wiping material, when averaged over the surface wiped, shall
not exceed the limits given in clause (ii) of this subparagraph at
any time during transport. If other methods are used, the detection
efficiency of the method used shall be taken into account and in no
case may the removable contamination on the external surfaces of the
package exceed 10 times the limits listed in clause (ii) of this subparagraph.
(ii) Removable external radioactive contamination wipe
limits are as follows.
Attached Graphic
(iii) In the case of packages transported as exclusive
use shipments by rail or highway only, the removable radioactive contamination
at any time during transport must not exceed 10 times the levels prescribed
in clause (ii) of this subparagraph. The levels at the beginning of
transport must not exceed the levels in clause (ii) of this subparagraph.
(B) Limits for external radiation levels.
(i) External radiation levels around the package and
around the vehicle, if applicable, will not exceed 200 millirems per
hour (mrem/hr) (2 millisieverts per hour (mSv/hr)) at any point on
the external surface of the package at any time during transportation.
The transport index shall not exceed 10.
(ii) For a package transported in exclusive use by
rail, highway or water, radiation levels external to the package may
exceed the limits specified in clause (i) of this subparagraph but
shall not exceed any of the following:
(I) 200 mrem/hr (2 mSv/hr) on the accessible external
surface of the package unless the following conditions are met, in
which case the limit is 1,000 mrem/hr (10 mSv/hr):
(-a-) the shipment is made in a closed transport vehicle;
(-b-) provisions are made to secure the package so
that its position within the vehicle remains fixed during transportation;
and
(-c-) there are no loading or unloading operations
between the beginning and end of the transportation;
(II) 200 mrem/hr (2 mSv/hr) at any point on the outer
surface of the vehicle, including the upper and lower surfaces, or,
in the case of a flat-bed style vehicle, with a personnel barrier,
at any point on the vertical planes projected from the outer edges
of the vehicle, on the upper surface of the load (or enclosure, if
used), and on the lower external surface of the vehicle (a flat-bed
style vehicle with a personnel barrier shall have radiation levels
determined at vertical planes. If no personnel barrier, the package
cannot exceed 200 mrem/hr (2 mSv/hr) at the surface.);
Cont'd... |
