(a) Structure; construction. Housing facilities for
dogs and cats must be designed and constructed so that they are structurally
sound. They must be kept in good repair, and they must protect the
animals from injury, contain the animals securely, and restrict other
animals from entering.
(b) Condition and site. Housing facilities and areas
used for storing animal food or bedding must be free of any accumulation
of trash, waste material, junk, weeds, and other discarded materials.
Animal areas inside of housing facilities must be kept neat and free
of clutter, including equipment, furniture, and stored material, but
may contain materials actually used and necessary for cleaning the
area, and fixtures or equipment necessary for proper husbandry practices.
Housing facilities must be physically separated from any other business.
If a housing facility is located on the same premises as another business,
it must be physically separated from the other business so that animals
the size of dogs, skunks, and raccoons are prevented from entering
it.
(c) Surfaces.
(1) General requirements. The surfaces of housing facilities--including
houses, dens, and other furniture-type fixtures and objects within
the facility--must be constructed in a manner and made of materials
that allow them to be readily cleaned and sanitized, or removed or
replaced when worn or soiled. Interior surfaces and any surfaces that
come in contact with dogs or cats must:
(A) be free of excessive rust that prevents the required
cleaning and sanitization, or that affects the structural strength
of the surface; and
(B) be free of jagged edges or sharp points that might
injure the animals.
(2) Maintenance and replacement of surfaces. All surfaces
must be maintained on a regular basis. Surfaces of housing facilities--including
houses, dens, and other furniture-type fixtures and objects within
the facility--that cannot be readily cleaned and sanitized, must be
replaced when worn or soiled.
(3) Cleaning. Hard surfaces with which the dogs or
cats come in contact must be spot-cleaned daily and sanitized in accordance
with §91.109(b) to prevent accumulation of excreta and reduce
disease hazards. Floors made of dirt, absorbent bedding, sand, concrete,
gravel, grass, or other similar material must be raked or spot-cleaned
with sufficient frequency to ensure all animals the freedom to avoid
contact with excreta. Contaminated material must be replaced whenever
this raking and spot-cleaning is not sufficient to prevent or eliminate
odors, insects, pests, or vermin infestation. All other surfaces of
housing facilities must be cleaned and sanitized when necessary to
satisfy generally accepted husbandry standards and practices. Sanitization
may be done using any of the methods provided in §91.109(b)(3)
for primary enclosures.
(d) Water and electric power. The housing facility
must have reliable electric power adequate for heating, cooling, ventilation,
and lighting, and for carrying out other husbandry requirements in
accordance with the regulations in this chapter. The housing facility
must provide adequate running potable water for the dogs' and cats'
drinking needs, for cleaning, and for carrying out other husbandry
requirements.
(e) Storage. Supplies of food and bedding must be stored
in a manner that protects the supplies from spoilage, contamination,
and vermin infestation. The supplies must be stored off the floor
and away from the walls, to allow cleaning underneath and around the
supplies. Foods requiring refrigeration must be stored accordingly,
and all food must be stored in a manner that prevents contamination
and deterioration of its nutritive value. All open supplies of food
and bedding must be kept in leakproof containers with tightly fitting
lids to prevent contamination and spoilage. Only food and bedding
that is currently being used may be kept in the animal areas. Substances
that are toxic to the dogs or cats but are required for normal husbandry
practices must not be stored in food storage and preparation areas,
but may be stored in cabinets in the animal areas.
(f) Drainage and waste disposal. Housing facility operators
must provide for regular and frequent collection, removal, and disposal
of animal and food wastes, bedding, debris, garbage, water, other
fluids and wastes, and dead animals, in a manner that minimizes contamination
and disease risks. Housing facilities must be equipped with disposal
facilities and drainage systems that are constructed and operated
so that animal waste and water are rapidly eliminated and animals
stay dry. Disposal and drainage systems must minimize vermin and pest
infestation, insects, odors, and disease hazards. All drains must
be properly constructed, installed, and maintained. If closed drainage
systems are used, they must be equipped with traps and prevent the
backflow of gases and the backup of sewage onto the floor. If the
facility uses sump or settlement ponds, or other similar systems for
drainage and animal waste disposal, the system must be located far
enough away from the animal area of the housing facility to prevent
odors, diseases, pests, and vermin infestation. Standing puddles of
water in animal enclosures must be drained or mopped up so that the
animals stay dry. Trash containers in housing facilities and in food
storage and food preparation areas must be leakproof and must have
tightly fitted lids on them at all times. Dead animals, animal parts,
and animal waste must not be kept in food storage or food preparation
areas, food freezers, food refrigerators, or animal areas.
(g) Washrooms and sinks. Washing facilities such as
washrooms, basins, sinks, or showers must be provided for animal caretakers
and must be readily accessible.
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