| (a) Introduction.
(1) The fine arts incorporate the study of dance, music,
theatre, and the visual arts to offer unique experiences and empower
students to explore realities, relationships, and ideas. These disciplines
engage and motivate all students through active learning, critical
thinking, and innovative problem solving. The fine arts develop cognitive
functioning and increase student academic achievement, higher-order
thinking, communication, and collaboration skills, making the fine
arts applicable to college readiness, career opportunities, workplace
environments, social skills, and everyday life. Students develop aesthetic
and cultural awareness through exploration, leading to creative expression.
Creativity, encouraged through the study of the fine arts, is essential
to nurture and develop the whole child.
(2) Four basic strands--foundations: music literacy;
creative expression; historical and cultural relevance; and critical
evaluation and response--provide broad, unifying structures for organizing
the knowledge and skills students are expected to acquire. The foundation
of music literacy is fostered through reading, writing, reproducing,
and creating music, thus developing a student's intellect. Through
creative expression, students apply their music literacy and the critical-thinking
skills of music to sing, play, read, write, and/or move. By experiencing
musical periods and styles, students will understand the relevance
of music to history, culture, and the world, including the relationship
of music to other academic disciplines and the vocational possibilities
offered. Through critical listening, students analyze, evaluate, and
respond to music, developing criteria for making critical judgments
and informed choices.
(3) Statements that contain the word "including" reference
content that must be mastered, while those containing the phrase "such
as" are intended as possible illustrative examples.
(b) Knowledge and skills.
(1) Foundations: music literacy. The student describes
and analyzes musical sound. The student is expected to:
(A) categorize and explain a variety of musical sounds,
including those of children's voices and soprano and alto adult voices;
(B) categorize and explain a variety of musical sounds,
including those of woodwind, brass, string, percussion, keyboard,
electronic instruments, and instruments of various cultures;
(C) use known music symbols and terminology referring
to rhythm; melody; timbre; form; tempo; dynamics, including crescendo
and decrescendo; and articulation, including staccato and legato,
to explain musical sounds presented aurally; and
(D) identify and label small and large musical forms
such as, abac, AB, ABA, and rondo presented aurally in simple songs
and larger works.
(2) Foundations: music literacy. The student reads,
writes, and reproduces music notation using a system. Technology
and other tools may be used to read, write, and reproduce musical
examples. The student is expected to:
(A) read, write, and reproduce rhythmic patterns using
standard notation, including separated eighth notes, eighth- and sixteenth-note
combinations, dotted half note, and previously learned note values
in 2/4, 4/4, and 3/4 meters as appropriate;
(B) read, write, and reproduce extended pentatonic
melodic patterns using standard staff notation; and
(C) identify new and previously learned music symbols
and terms referring to tempo; dynamics, including crescendo and decrescendo;
and articulation, including staccato and legato.
(3) Creative expression. The student performs a varied
repertoire of developmentally appropriate music in informal or formal
settings. The student is expected to:
(A) sing and play classroom instruments with accurate
intonation and rhythm, independently or in groups;
(B) sing or play a varied repertoire of music such
as American and Texan folk songs and folk songs representative of
local cultures, independently or in groups;
(C) move alone and with others to a varied repertoire
of music using gross motor, fine motor, locomotor, and non-locomotor
skills and integrated movement such as hands and feet moving together;
(D) perform various folk dances and play parties;
(E) perform simple part work, including rhythmic and
melodic ostinati, derived from known repertoire; and
(F) interpret through performance new and previously
learned music symbols and terms referring to tempo; dynamics, including
crescendo and decrescendo; and articulation, including staccato and
legato.
(4) Creative expression. The student creates and explores
new musical ideas within specified guidelines. The student is expected
to:
(A) create rhythmic phrases through improvisation or
composition;
(B) create melodic phrases through improvisation or
composition; and
(C) create simple accompaniments through improvisation
or composition.
(5) Historical and cultural relevance. The student
examines music in relation to history and cultures. The student is
expected to:
(A) perform a varied repertoire of songs, movement,
and musical games representative of diverse cultures such as historical
folk songs of Texas and Hispanic and American Indian cultures in Texas;
(B) perform music representative of America and Texas,
including "Texas, Our Texas";
(C) identify and describe music from diverse genres,
styles, periods, and cultures; and
(D) examine the relationships between music and interdisciplinary
concepts.
(6) Critical evaluation and response. The student listens
to, responds to, and evaluates music and musical performances. The
student is expected to:
(A) exhibit audience etiquette during live and recorded
performances;
(B) recognize known rhythmic and melodic elements in
aural examples using appropriate vocabulary;
(C) describe specific musical events in aural examples
such as changes in timbre, form, tempo, dynamics, or articulation
using appropriate vocabulary;
(D) respond verbally and through movement to short
musical examples;
(E) describe a variety of compositions and formal or
informal musical performances using specific music vocabulary; and
(F) justify personal preferences for specific music
works and styles using music vocabulary.
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