| (a) General requirements. Students shall be awarded
one credit for successful completion of this course. Prerequisite:
Algebra I and either Computer Science I or Fundamentals of Computer
Science. This course is recommended for students in Grades 11 and
12.
(b) Introduction.
(1) Career and technical education instruction provides
content aligned with challenging academic standards and relevant technical
knowledge and skills for students to further their education and succeed
in current or emerging professions.
(2) The Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
(STEM) Career Cluster focuses on planning, managing, and providing
scientific research and professional and technical services, including
laboratory and testing services, and research and development services.
(3) Computer Science II will foster students' creativity
and innovation by presenting opportunities to design, implement, and
present meaningful programs through a variety of media. Students will
collaborate with one another, their instructor, and various electronic
communities to solve the problems presented throughout the course.
Through data analysis, students will identify task requirements, plan
search strategies, and use computer science concepts to access, analyze,
and evaluate information needed to solve problems. By using computer
science knowledge and skills that support the work of individuals
and groups in solving problems, students will select the technology
appropriate for the task, synthesize knowledge, create solutions,
and evaluate the results. Students will learn digital citizenship
by researching current laws and regulations and by practicing integrity
and respect. Students will gain an understanding of computer science
through the study of technology operations, systems, and concepts.
The six strands include creativity and innovation; communication and
collaboration; research and information fluency; critical thinking;
problem solving, and decision making; digital citizenship; and technology
operations and concepts.
(4) Students are encouraged to participate in extended
learning experiences such as career and technical student organizations
and other leadership or extracurricular organizations.
(5) Statements that contain the word "including" reference
content that must be mastered, while those containing the phrase "such
as" are intended as possible illustrative examples.
(c) Knowledge and skills.
(1) Creativity and innovation. The student develops
products and generates new understandings by extending existing knowledge.
The student is expected to:
(A) use program design problem-solving strategies to
create program solutions;
(B) demonstrate the ability to read and modify large
programs, including the design description and process development;
(C) follow the systematic problem-solving process of
identifying the specifications of purpose and goals, the data types
and objects needed, and the subtasks to be performed;
(D) compare and contrast design methodologies and implementation
techniques such as top-down, bottom-up, and black box;
(E) analyze, modify, and evaluate existing code by
performing a case study on a large program, including inheritance
and black box programming;
(F) identify the data types and objects needed to solve
a problem;
(G) choose, identify, and use the appropriate abstract
data type, advanced data structure, and supporting algorithms to properly
represent the data in a program problem solution;
(H) use object-oriented programming development methodology,
data abstraction, encapsulation with information hiding, and procedural
abstraction in program development and testing; and
(I) create, edit, and manipulate bitmap images that
are used to enhance user interfaces and program functionality.
(2) Communication and collaboration. The student communicates
and collaborates with peers to contribute to his or her own learning
and the learning of others. The student is expected to:
(A) use the principles of software engineering to work
in software design teams, break a problem statement into specific
solution requirements, create a program development plan, code part
of a solution from a program development plan while a partner codes
the remaining part, team test the solution for correctness, and develop
presentations to report the solution findings;
(B) create interactive console display interfaces with
appropriate user prompts;
(C) create interactive human interfaces to acquire
data from a user and display program results using an advanced Graphical
User Interface (GUI);
(D) write programs and communicate with proper programming
style to enhance the readability and functionality of the code by
using meaningful descriptive identifiers, internal comments, white
space, indentation, and a standardized program style;
(E) improve data display by optimizing data visualization;
(F) display simple vector graphics to interpret and
display program results; and
(G) display simple bitmap images.
(3) Research and information fluency. The student locates,
analyzes, processes, and organizes data. The student is expected to:
(A) use local area networks (LANs) and wide area networks
(WANs), including the Internet and intranets, in research, file management,
and collaboration;
(B) understand programming file structure and file
access for required resources;
(C) acquire and process information from text files,
including files of known and unknown sizes;
(D) manipulate data structures using string processing;
(E) manipulate data values by casting between data
types;
(F) identify and use the structured data type of one-dimensional
arrays to traverse, search, modify, insert, and delete data;
(G) identify and use the structured data type of two-dimensional
arrays to traverse, search, modify, insert, and delete data; and
(H) identify and use a list object data structure to
traverse, search, insert, and delete data.
(4) Critical thinking, problem solving, and decision
making. The student uses appropriate strategies to analyze problems
and design algorithms. The student is expected to:
(A) develop sequential algorithms using branching control
statements, including nested structures, to create solutions to decision-making
problems;
(B) develop choice algorithms using selection control
statements based on ordinal values;
(C) demonstrate proficiency in the use of short-circuit
evaluation;
(D) demonstrate proficiency in the use of Boolean algebra,
including De Morgan's Law;
(E) develop iterative algorithms using nested loops;
(F) identify, trace, and appropriately use recursion
in programming solutions, including algebraic computations;
(G) design, construct, evaluate, and compare search
algorithms, including linear searching and binary searching;
(H) identify, describe, design, create, evaluate, and
compare standard sorting algorithms, including selection sort, bubble
sort, insertion sort, and merge sort;
(I) measure time/space efficiency of various sorting
algorithms;
(J) compare and contrast search and sort algorithms,
including linear, quadratic, and recursive strategies, for time/space
efficiency;
(K) analyze algorithms using "big-O" notation for best,
average, and worst-case data patterns;
(L) develop algorithms to solve various problems, including
factoring, summing a series, finding the roots of a quadratic equation,
and generating Fibonacci numbers;
(M) test program solutions by investigating boundary
conditions; testing classes, methods, and libraries in isolation;
and performing stepwise refinement;
(N) identify and debug compile, syntax, runtime, and
logic errors;
(O) compare and contrast algorithm efficiency by using
informal runtime comparisons, exact calculation of statement execution
counts, and theoretical efficiency values using "big-O" notation,
including worst-case, best-case, and average-case time/space analysis;
(P) demonstrate the ability to count, convert, and
perform mathematical operations in the binary and hexadecimal number
systems;
(Q) demonstrate knowledge of the maximum integer boundary,
minimum integer boundary, imprecision of real number representations,
and round-off errors;
(R) create program solutions to problems using the
mathematics library class;
(S) use random algorithms to create simulations that
model the real world;
(T) identify, understand, and create class specifications
and relationships among classes, including composition and inheritance
relationships;
(U) understand and explain object relationships among
defined classes, abstract classes, and interfaces;
(V) create object-oriented definitions using class
declarations, variable declarations, constant declarations, method
declarations, parameter declarations, and interface declarations;
(W) create robust classes that encapsulate data and
the methods that operate on that data and incorporate overloading
to enrich the object's behavior;
(X) design and implement a set of interactive classes;
(Y) design, create, and evaluate multiclass programs
that use abstract classes and interfaces;
(Z) understand and implement a student-created class
hierarchy;
(AA) extend, modify, and improve existing code using
inheritance;
(BB) create adaptive behaviors, including overloading,
using polymorphism;
(CC) understand and use reference variables for object
and string data types;
(DD) understand and implement access scope modifiers;
(EE) understand and demonstrate how to compare objects;
(FF) duplicate objects using the appropriate deep and/or
shallow copy;
(GG) define and implement abstract classes and interfaces
in program problem solutions;
(HH) apply functional decomposition to a program solution;
(II) create simple and robust objects from class definitions
through instantiation;
(JJ) apply class membership of variables, constants,
and methods;
(KK) examine and mutate the properties of an object
using accessors and modifiers;
(LL) understand and implement a composite class; and
(MM) design and implement an interface.
(5) Digital citizenship. The student explores and understands
safety, legal, cultural, and societal issues relating to the use of
technology and information. The student is expected to:
(A) model ethical acquisition and use of digital information;
(B) demonstrate proper digital etiquette, responsible
use of software, and knowledge of acceptable use policies; and
(C) investigate digital rights management.
(6) Technology operations and concepts. The student
understands technology concepts, systems, and operations as they apply
to computer science. The student is expected to:
(A) compare and contrast types of operating systems,
software applications, hardware platforms, and programming languages;
(B) demonstrate knowledge of major hardware components,
including primary and secondary memory, a central processing unit
(CPU), and peripherals;
(C) demonstrate knowledge of major networking components,
including hosts, servers, switches, and routers;
(D) demonstrate knowledge of computer communication
systems, including single-user, peer-to-peer, workgroup, client-server,
and networked;
(E) demonstrate knowledge of computer addressing systems,
including Internet Protocol (IP) address and Media Access Control
(MAC) address; and
(F) differentiate among the categories of programming
languages, including machine, assembly, high-level compiled, high-level
interpreted, and scripted.
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