| (a) General requirements This course is recommended
for students in Grades 9-12. Students shall be awarded one credit
for successful completion of the course.
(b) Introduction.
(1) Career and technical education instruction provides
content aligned with challenging academic standards and relevant technical
knowledge and skills for students to further their education and success
in current or emerging energy professions.
(2) The Energy Career Cluster focuses on Texas's diverse
economic landscape, geography and natural resources, including renewable
energy potential, transportation system, labor force, and leadership
in environmental research.
(3) In Foundations of Energy, students will conduct
laboratory and field investigations, use scientific practices during
investigations, and make informed decisions using critical thinking
and scientific problem solving. Various systems will be described
in terms of energy. Students will study a variety of topics that include
energy transformation, the law of conservation of energy, energy efficiency,
interrelationships among energy resources and society, and sources
and flow of energy through the production, transmission, processing,
and use of energy. Students will apply these concepts and perform
investigations and experiments at least 40% of the time using safe
practices.
(4) Students are encouraged to participate in extended
learning experiences such as career and technical student organizations
and other leadership or extracurricular organizations.
(5) Statements that contain the word "including" reference
content that must be mastered, while those containing the phrase "such
as" are intended as possible illustrative examples.
(c) Knowledge and skills.
(1) The student demonstrates professional standards/employability
skills as required by business and industry. The student is expected
to:
(A) evaluate the importance of dressing appropriately,
speaking politely, and conducting oneself in a manner appropriate
for the profession;
(B) cooperate, contribute, and collaborate as a member
of a group in an effort to achieve a positive collective outcome;
(C) present written and oral communication in a clear,
concise, and effective manner;
(D) demonstrate time-management skills by prioritizing
tasks, following schedules, and performing goal-relevant activities
in a way that produces efficient results;
(E) demonstrate punctuality, dependability, reliability,
and responsibility in performing assigned tasks as directed;
(F) discuss and exhibit teamwork and leadership skills
necessary for the workplace;
(G) define and demonstrate effective problem-solving
skills; and
(H) apply computer-based skills and other technologies
relevant to the energy industry.
(2) The student analyzes current and future career
opportunities in the energy sector, including oil and gas exploration
and production, refining and chemical processing, and renewable energy.
The student is expected to:
(A) evaluate energy systems and identify careers within
those systems;
(B) examine past market and employment trends in the
energy sector;
(C) discuss current issues in energy production and
predict future needs and employment opportunities in this field;
(D) identify career development, education, credentialing,
and entrepreneurship opportunities in the energy sector; and
(E) apply competencies related to resources, information,
and systems of operation in the energy sector.
(3) The student conducts laboratory and field investigations
using safe, environmentally appropriate, and ethical practices. The
student is expected to:
(A) demonstrate safe practices during laboratory and
field investigations;
(B) use a wide variety of additional course apparatuses,
equipment, techniques, and procedures as appropriate such as satellite
imagery and other remote sensing data, Geographic Information Systems
(GIS), Global Positioning System (GPS), scientific probes, microscopes,
telescopes, modern video and image libraries, weather stations, fossil
and rock kits, tectonic plate models, and planetary globes;
(C) engage in meaningful hands-on, minds-on conceptual
activities in the areas of energy; and
(D) demonstrate an understanding of the use and conservation
of resources and proper disposal or recycling of materials.
(4) The student uses critical thinking and problem
solving to make informed decisions within and outside the classroom.
The student is expected to:
(A) communicate and present valid conclusions from
energy information extracted from various sources such as current
events, news reports, published journal articles, and marketing materials;
(B) explain the impacts of energy discoveries by a
variety of historical and contemporary scientists and entrepreneurs
on current societal attitudes;
(C) compare advantages and disadvantages in the use
of the various energy sources; and
(D) distinguish between scientific decision making
(scientific methods) and ethical and social decisions that involve
science (the application of scientific information).
(5) The student presents conclusions, research findings,
and designs using a variety of media throughout the course. The student
is expected to:
(A) develop written and oral presentation skills related
to energy issues and solutions by researching and describing the history
of energy production in Texas and contributions of scientists and
entrepreneurs; and
(B) develop data retrieval and analysis skills related
to energy production and use by researching information about energy
sources, including renewable and non-renewable sources, and energy
efficiency and how each source is used to produce electrical energy.
(6) The student examines and explains concepts and
procedures related to energy. The student is expected to:
(A) identify general purposes for energy, including
transportation, light, cooking, heating or cooling, entertainment,
and cleaning;
(B) explain and demonstrate transformations among various
energy forms, including potential, kinetic, chemical, mechanical,
electrical, and light energy;
(C) analyze the role of gravity in transforming energy;
(D) investigate and calculate the relationship between
work, potential energy, and kinetic energy;
(E) examine various types of energy transfer mechanisms,
determine the original form of energy and what form that energy is
being transformed into, and use examples to analyze and calculate
the relationships among work, kinetic energy, and potential energy;
(F) describe and apply the law of conservation of energy;
and
(G) use basic calorimetry to determine the amount of
energy stored in substances such as coal.
(7) The student understands the basics of fluid mechanics
related to energy discovery, production, and transportation. The student
is expected to:
(A) identify fluids used as fuels, including liquids
and gases;
(B) identify fluids used in the discovery, production,
and transportation of energy sources;
(C) explain capillary action and relate it to energy
production; and
(D) explain, using formulas, how pressure and temperature
affect the behavior of fluids.
(8) The student understands how and where energy is
produced and identifies Texas energy resources. The student is expected
to:
(A) research the location of energy resources and power
production plants in Texas;
(B) compile information on the history of energy production
in Texas and describe its past and current importance to the U.S.
economy;
(C) investigate the role of technology in the future
development of energy usage;
(D) identify ways to conserve energy;
(E) map the major sources of energy used in Texas;
(F) assess the impact of the various energy sources
on the economy in Texas;
(G) analyze how supply and demand impacts Texas's economy
in relation to energy; and
(H) compare and contrast the impact of energy sources
and supply and demand in Texas with national and global data.
(9) The student investigates how energy resources such
as water, oil, and natural gas are stored underground in rock formations.
The student is expected to:
(A) assess the properties and geological histories
of rocks and rock formations that enable energy storage;
(B) determine the physical properties of permeability
and porosity of rock formations and relate these properties to the
amount of water, oil, and natural gas held in these formations;
(C) explain how aquifers function and locate major
aquifers in Texas; and
(D) investigate how innovations such as hydraulic fracturing
and high-power transmission lines have made massive energy resources
such as oil, gas, wind, and electricity available in Texas.
(10) The student knows differences between renewable
and non-renewable resources. The student is expected to:
(A) identify and describe various renewable and non-renewable
resources;
(B) describe and compare the energy efficiency of renewable
and non-renewable energy derived from natural and alternative sources
such as oil, natural gas, coal, nuclear, solar, geothermal, hydroelectric,
and wind;
(C) examine the benefits and hazards of using renewable
and non-renewable energy sources;
(D) research methods by which benefits can be increased
and hazards reduced in the use of renewable and non-renewable energy
sources;
(E) examine different viewpoints of an energy source
regarding availability, cost, potential pollution, impact to plant
and animal habitat, and sustainability;
(F) analyze an energy source's relative availability
and renewability and discuss how these factors inform decision making
regarding a source's use; and
(G) analyze changing social perspectives and how they
can influence scientific practices.
(11) The student knows how energy impacts the student's
life and the role energy plays in international relations, the environment,
standards of living, and the economy. The student is expected to:
(A) analyze the impact energy has on the environment;
(B) research and discuss the ethical and social issues
surrounding Earth's energy resources;
(C) analyze the advantages and disadvantages of an
energy source's long-term use;
(D) explain the relationship between energy and quality
of life;
(E) research and describe the connection between energy
production, transmission, processing, and marketing; and
(F) analyze the impact and effectiveness of the measures
taken by the United States and other countries to use energy to reduce
greenhouse gases, improve water and air quality, and extend life expectancy.
(12) The student investigates extended learning experiences
such as career and technical student organizations and area energy
museums and displays. The student is expected to:
(A) identify a minimum of three energy professionals
for potential speaking invitations either in person or via the Internet;
(B) research and describe an energy-related organization
such as a museum or local business; and
(C) compare educational requirements for different
energy industry jobs in Texas.
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