| (a) Partial nephrectomy (removal of part of the kidney).
(1) Incomplete removal of stone(s) or tumor, if present.
(2) Blockage of urine.
(3) Leakage of urine at surgical site.
(4) Injury to or loss of the kidney.
(5) Damage to organs next to kidney.
(b) Radical nephrectomy (removal of kidney and adrenal
gland for cancer).
(1) Loss of the adrenal gland (gland on top of kidney
that makes certain hormones/chemicals the body needs).
(2) Incomplete removal of tumor.
(3) Damage to organs next to kidney.
(c) Nephrectomy (removal of kidney).
(1) Incomplete removal of tumor if present.
(2) Damage to organs next to kidney.
(3) Injury to or loss of the kidney.
(d) Nephrolithotomy and pyelolithotomy (removal of
kidney stone(s)).
(1) Incomplete removal of stone(s).
(2) Blockage of urine.
(3) Leakage of urine at surgical site.
(4) Injury or loss of the kidney.
(5) Damage to organs next to kidney.
(e) Pyeloureteroplasty (pyeloplasty or reconstruction
of the kidney drainage system).
(1) Blockage of urine.
(2) Leakage of urine at surgical site.
(3) Injury to or loss of the kidney.
(4) Damage to organs next to kidney.
(f) Exploration of kidney or perinephric mass.
(1) Incomplete removal of stone(s) or tumor, if present.
(2) Leakage of urine at surgical site.
(3) Injury to or loss of the kidney.
(4) Damage to organs next to kidney.
(g) Ureteroplasty (reconstruction of ureter (tube between
kidney and bladder)).
(1) Leakage of urine at surgical site.
(2) Incomplete removal of the stone or tumor (when
applicable).
(3) Blockage of urine.
(4) Damage to organs next to ureter.
(5) Damage to or loss of the ureter.
(h) Ureterolithotomy (surgical removal of stone(s)
from ureter (tube between kidney and bladder)).
(1) Leakage of urine at surgical site.
(2) Incomplete removal of stone.
(3) Blockage of urine.
(4) Damage to organs next to ureter.
(5) Damage to or loss of ureter.
(i) Ureterectomy (partial/complete removal of ureter
(tube between kidney and bladder)).
(1) Leakage of urine at surgical site.
(2) Incomplete removal of stone.
(3) Blockage of urine.
(4) Damage to organs next to ureter.
(j) Ureterolysis (partial/complete removal of ureter
(tube between kidney and bladder from adjacent tissue)).
(1) Leakage of urine at surgical site.
(2) Blockage of urine.
(3) Damage to organs next to ureter.
(4) Damage to or loss of ureter.
(k) Ureteral reimplantation (reinserting ureter (tube
between kidney and bladder) into the bladder).
(1) Leakage of urine at surgical site.
(2) Blockage of urine.
(3) Damage to or loss of ureter.
(4) Backward flow of urine from bladder into ureter.
(5) Damage to organs next to ureter.
(l) Prostatectomy (partial or total removal of prostate).
(1) Leakage of urine at surgical site.
(2) Blockage of urine.
(3) Incontinence (difficulty with control of urine
flow).
(4) Semen passing backward into bladder.
(5) Difficulty with penile erection (possible with
partial and probable with total prostatectomy).
(m) Total cystectomy (removal of bladder).
(1) Probable loss of penile erection and ejaculation
in the male.
(2) Damage to organs next to bladder.
(3) This procedure will require an alternate method
of urinary drainage.
(n) Radical cystectomy.
(1) Probable loss of penile erection and ejaculation
in the male.
(2) Damage to organs next to bladder.
(3) This procedure will require an alternate method
of urinary drainage.
(4) Chronic (continuing) swelling of thighs, legs and
feet.
(5) Recurrence or spread of cancer if present.
(o) Partial cystectomy (partial removal of bladder).
(1) Leakage of urine at surgical site.
(2) Incontinence (difficulty with control of urine
flow).
(3) Backward flow of urine from bladder into ureter
(tube between kidney and bladder).
(4) Blockage of urine.
(5) Damage to organs next to bladder.
(p) Urinary diversion (ileal conduit, colon conduit).
(1) Blood chemistry abnormalities requiring medication.
(2) Development of stones, strictures or infection
in the kidneys, ureter or bowel (intestine).
(3) Leakage of urine at surgical site.
(4) This procedure will require an alternate method
of urinary drainage.
(q) Ureterosigmoidostomy (placement of kidney drainage
tubes into the large bowel (intestine)).
(1) Blood chemistry abnormalities requiring medication.
(2) Development of stones, strictures or infection
in the kidneys, ureter or bowel (intestine).
(3) Leakage of urine at surgical site.
(4) Difficulty in holding urine in the rectum.
(r) Urethroplasty (construction/reconstruction of drainage
tube from bladder).
(1) Leakage of urine at surgical site.
(2) Stricture formation (narrowing of urethra (tube
from bladder to outside)).
(3) Need for additional surgery.
(s) Percutaneous nephrostomy/stenting/stone removal.
(1) Pneumothorax or other pleural complications (collapsed
lung or filling of the chest cavity on the same side with fluid).
(2) Septic shock/bacteremia (infection of the blood
stream with possible shock/severe lowering of blood pressure) when
pyonephrosis (infected urine in the kidney) present.
(3) Bowel (intestinal) injury.
(4) Blood vessel injury with or without significant
bleeding.
(t) Dialysis (technique to replace functions of kidney
and clean blood of toxins).
(1) Hemodialysis.
(A) Hypotension (low blood pressure).
(B) Hypertension (high blood pressure).
(C) Air embolism (air bubble in blood vessel) resulting
in possible death or paralysis.
(D) Cardiac arrhythmias (irregular heart rhythms).
(E) Infections of blood stream, access site, or blood
borne (for example: Hepatitis B, C, or HIV).
(F) Hemorrhage (severe bleeding as a result of clotting
problems or due to disconnection of the bloodline).
(G) Nausea, vomiting, cramps, headaches, and mild confusion
during and/or temporarily after dialysis.
(H) Allergic reactions.
(I) Chemical imbalances and metabolic disorders (unintended
change in blood minerals).
(J) Pyrogenic reactions (fever).
(K) Hemolysis (rupture of red blood cells).
(L) Graft/fistula damage including bleeding, aneurysm,
formation (ballooning of vessel), clotting (closure) of graft/fistula.
(2) Peritoneal dialysis.
(A) Infections, including peritonitis (inflammation
or irritation of the tissue lining the inside wall of abdomen and
covering organs), catheter infection and catheter exit site infection.
(B) Development of hernias of umbilicus (weakening
of abdominal wall or muscle).
(C) Hypertension (high blood pressure).
(D) Hypotension (low blood pressure).
(E) Hydrothorax (fluid in chest cavity).
(F) Arrhythmia (irregular heart rhythm).
(G) Perforation of the bowel.
(H) Sclerosis or scarring of the peritoneum.
(I) Weight gain leading to obesity.
(J) Abdominal discomfort/distension.
(K) Heartburn or reflux.
(L) Increase in need for anti-diabetic medication.
(M) Muscle weakness.
(N) Dehydration (extreme loss of body fluid).
(O) Chemical imbalances and metabolic disorders (unintended
change in blood minerals).
(P) Allergic reactions.
(Q) Nausea, vomiting, cramps, headaches, and mild confusion
during and/or temporarily after dialysis.
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