| subparagraph.
(vi) Classification of wastes with radionuclides other
than those listed in clauses (iii)(V) and (iv)(VI) of this subparagraph.
If the waste does not contain any radionuclides listed in either clauses
(iii)(V) and (iv)(VI) of this subparagraph, it is Class A.
(vii) The sum of the fractions rule for mixtures of
radionuclides. For determining classification for waste that contains
a mixture of radionuclides, it is necessary to determine the sum of
fractions by dividing each radionuclide's concentration by the appropriate
limit and adding the resulting values. The appropriate limits shall
all be taken from the same column of the same table. The sum of the
fractions for the column shall be less than 1.0 if the waste class
is to be determined by that column. Example: A waste contains Sr-90
in a concentration of 50 curies per cubic meter (Ci/m3 (1.85 terabecquerels per cubic meter (TBq/m3 )) and Cs-137 in a concentration of 22 Ci/m3 (814 gigabecquerels per cubic meter (GBq/m3 )). Since the concentrations both exceed the
values in Column 1 of clause (iv)(VI) of this subparagraph, they shall
be compared to Column 2 values. For Sr-90 fraction, 50/150 = 0.33,
for Cs-137 fraction, 22/44 = 0.5; the sum of the fractions = 0.83.
Since the sum is less than 1.0, the waste is Class B.
(viii) Determination of concentrations in wastes. The
concentration of a radionuclide may be determined by indirect methods
such as use of scaling factors, which relate the inferred concentration
of one radionuclide to another that is measured, or radionuclide material
accountability, if there is reasonable assurance that the indirect
methods can be correlated with actual measurements. The concentration
of a radionuclide may be averaged over the volume of the waste, or
weight of the waste if the units are expressed as nanocurie (becquerel)
per gram.
(B) Radioactive waste characteristics.
(i) The following are minimum requirements for all
classes of waste and are intended to facilitate handling and provide
protection of health and safety of personnel at the disposal site.
(I) Wastes shall be packaged in conformance with the
conditions of the license issued to the site operator to which the
waste will be shipped. Where the conditions of the site license are
more restrictive than the provisions of this section, the site license
conditions shall govern.
(II) Wastes shall not be packaged for disposal in cardboard
or fiberboard boxes.
(III) Liquid waste shall be packaged in sufficient
absorbent material to absorb twice the volume of the liquid.
(IV) Solid waste containing liquid shall contain as
little free-standing and non-corrosive liquid as is reasonably achievable,
but in no case shall the liquid exceed 1.0% of the volume.
(V) Waste shall not be readily capable of detonation
or of explosive decomposition or reaction at normal pressures and
temperatures, or of explosive reaction with water.
(VI) Waste shall not contain, or be capable of generating,
quantities of toxic gases, vapors, or fumes harmful to persons transporting,
handling, or disposing of the waste. This does not apply to radioactive
gaseous waste packaged in accordance with subclause (VIII) of this
clause.
(VII) Waste must not be pyrophoric. Pyrophoric materials
contained in wastes shall be treated, prepared, and packaged to be
nonflammable.
(VIII) Wastes in a gaseous form shall be packaged at
an absolute pressure that does not exceed 1.5 atmospheres at 20 degrees
Celsius. Total activity shall not exceed 100 Ci (3.7 terabecquerels
(TBq)) per container.
(IX) Wastes containing hazardous, biological, pathogenic,
or infectious material shall be treated to reduce to the maximum extent
practicable the potential hazard from the non-radiological materials.
(ii) The following requirements are intended to provide
stability of the waste. Stability is intended to ensure that the waste
does not degrade and affect overall stability of the site through
slumping, collapse, or other failure of the disposal unit and thereby
lead to water infiltration. Stability is also a factor in limiting
exposure to an inadvertent intruder, since it provides a recognizable
and nondispersible waste.
(I) Waste shall have structural stability. A structurally
stable waste form will generally maintain its physical dimensions
and its form, under the expected disposal conditions such as weight
of overburden and compaction equipment, the presence of moisture,
and microbial activity, and internal factors such as radiation effects
and chemical changes. Structural stability can be provided by the
waste form itself, processing the waste to a stable form, or placing
the waste in a disposal container or structure that provides stability
after disposal.
(II) Notwithstanding the provisions in clause (i)(III)
and (IV) of this subparagraph, liquid wastes, or wastes containing
liquid, shall be converted into a form that contains as little free-standing
and non-corrosive liquid as is reasonably achievable, but in no case
shall the liquid exceed 1.0% of the volume of the waste when the waste
is in a disposal container designed to ensure stability, or 0.5% of
the volume of the waste for waste processed to a stable form.
(III) Void spaces within the waste and between the
waste and its package shall be reduced to the extent practicable.
(C) Labeling. Each package of waste shall be clearly
labeled to identify whether it is Class A, Class B, or Class C waste,
in accordance with subparagraph (A) of this paragraph.
(5) Time requirements for record keeping.
Attached Graphic
(6) Acceptable surface contamination limits.
Attached Graphic
(7) Concentration and activity limits of nuclides for
disposal in a Type I municipal solid waste site or a hazardous waste
facility (for use in subsection (fff) of this section). The following
table contains concentration and activity limits of nuclides for disposal
in a Type I municipal solid waste site or a hazardous waste facility.
Attached Graphic
(8) Cumulative occupational exposure form. The following,
RC Form 202-2, or other equivalent clear and legible record, of all
the information required on that form, is to be used to document cumulative
occupational exposure history: (Please find RC Form 202-2 at the end
of this section.)
Attached Graphic
(9) Occupational exposure form. The following, RC Form
202-3, or other equivalent clear and legible record, of all the information
required on that form, is to be used to document occupational exposure
record for a monitoring period: (Please find RC Form 202-3 at the
end of this section.)
Attached Graphic
(hhh) Requirements for nationally tracked sources.
(1) Reports of transactions involving nationally tracked
sources. Each licensee who manufactures, transfers, receives, disassembles,
or disposes of a nationally tracked source shall complete and submit
to NRC a National Source Tracking Transaction Report as specified
in the following subparagraphs for each type of transaction.
(A) Each licensee who manufactures a nationally tracked
source shall complete and submit to NRC a National Source Tracking
Transaction Report. The report shall include the following information:
(i) the name, address, and license number of the reporting
licensee;
(ii) the name of the individual preparing the report;
(iii) the manufacturer, model, and serial number of
the source;
(iv) the radioactive material in the source;
(v) the initial source strength in becquerels (curies)
at the time of manufacture; and
(vi) the manufacture date of the source.
(B) Each licensee that transfers a nationally tracked
source to another person shall complete and submit to NRC a National
Source Tracking Transaction Report. A source transfer transaction
does not include transfers to a temporary domestic job site. Domestic
transactions in which the nationally tracked source remains in the
possession of the licensee do not require a report to the National
Source Tracking System. The report shall include the following information:
(i) the name, address, and license number of the reporting
licensee;
(ii) the name of the individual preparing the report;
(iii) the name and license number of the recipient
facility and the shipping address;
(iv) the manufacturer, model, and serial number of
the source or, if not available, other information to uniquely identify
the source;
(v) the radioactive material in the source;
(vi) the initial or current source strength in becquerels
(curies);
(vii) the date for which the source strength is reported;
(viii) the shipping date;
Cont'd... |
