| (iii) required labeling is present and legible;
(B) determine the survey instrument is responding using
check sources or other appropriate means; and
(C) remove the equipment from service until repaired
if equipment problems are found.
(2) Each licensee and registrant shall perform and
shall have written procedures for the following:
(A) inspection and routine maintenance of radiation
machines, radiographic exposure devices, source changers, associated
equipment, transport and storage containers, and survey instruments
at intervals not to exceed three months to ensure the proper functioning
of components important to safety. All appropriate components shall
be maintained in accordance with manufacturers' specifications. Radiation
machines, radiographic exposure devices, transport containers and
source changers being stored are exempted from this requirement provided
that each radiation machine, radiographic exposure device, transport
container, or source changer is inspected and repaired prior to being
returned to service. This inspection and maintenance program shall
cover, as a minimum, the items listed in subsection (x)(2) of this
section; and
(B) inspection and maintenance necessary to maintain
the Type B packaging used to transport radioactive material. The inspection
and maintenance program shall include procedures to assure that Type
B packages are shipped and maintained in accordance with the certificate
of compliance or other approval.
(3) Records of daily checks of equipment, equipment
problems found in daily checks and quarterly inspections, and of any
maintenance performed in accordance with paragraph (1) of this subsection
shall be made and maintained in accordance with subsection (v)(1)
of this section.
(4) The record shall include the following:
(A) date of check or inspection;
(B) name of inspector;
(C) equipment involved;
(D) any problems found; and
(E) what repairs or maintenance, if any, were done.
(n) Permanent radiographic installations.
(1) Permanent radiographic installations shall have
high radiation area entrance controls (for example, a control device
that energizes a conspicuous visible and audible alarm signal and/or
continuous direct or electronic surveillance) as described in §289.202(s)(1)
- (4) of this title or §289.231(t)(1) - (4) of this title, or
if applicable, §289.229 of this title.
(2) The entrance controls shall be tested for proper
operation at the beginning of each day of equipment use.
(3) The alarm system shall be tested for proper operation
with a source of radiation each day before the installation is used
for radiographic operations. The test shall include a check for the
visible and audible signals.
(4) Entrance control devices that reduce the radiation
level upon entry (designated in paragraph (1) of this subsection)
shall be tested monthly.
(5) If an entrance control device or alarm is operating
improperly, it shall be immediately labeled as defective and repaired
within seven calendar days. The facility may continue to be used during
this seven-day period, provided the licensee or registrant implements
the continuous surveillance requirements of subsection (q) of this
section, ensures that radiographic personnel use an alarming ratemeter,
and complies with the requirements of subsection (u)(8)(G) of this
section.
(6) Records of alarm systems and entrance control tests
and repairs required by this subsection shall be made and maintained
in accordance with subsection (v)(1) of this section.
(o) Notification of incidents.
(1) The agency shall be notified of the loss or theft
of sources of radiation, overexposures, and excessive levels in accordance
with §289.202(ww) - (yy), and (bbb) of this title or §289.231(gg)
- (jj) of this title, as applicable.
(2) In addition, whenever one of the following events
occurs, each licensee or registrant shall make the initial notification
report by telephone to the agency within 24 hours and submit a written
report to the agency within 30 days:
(A) a source assembly cannot be returned to the fully-shielded
position and properly secured;
(B) the source assembly becomes unintentionally disconnected
from the control cable;
(C) any component critical to safe operation of the
radiographic exposure device fails to properly perform its intended
function;
(D) an indicator on a radiation machine fails to show
that radiation is being produced;
(E) an exposure switch on a radiation machine fails
to terminate production of radiation when turned to the off position;
or
(F) a safety interlock fails to terminate x-ray production.
(3) The licensee or registrant shall include the following
information in each report submitted in accordance with paragraph
(2) of this subsection:
(A) a description of the equipment problem;
(B) cause of each incident, if known;
(C) manufacturer and model and serial number of equipment
involved in the incident;
(D) location, time, and date of the incident;
(E) actions taken to establish normal operations;
(F) corrective actions taken or planned to prevent
recurrence; and
(G) names of personnel involved in the incident.
(p) Individual monitoring.
(1) The individual monitoring program shall meet the
applicable requirements of §289.202 of this title or §289.231
of this title.
(2) During industrial radiographic operations, the
following shall apply.
(A) No licensee or registrant shall permit an individual
to act as a radiographer, radiographer trainer, or radiographer trainee
unless each individual wears, on the trunk of the body at all times
during radiographic operations:
(i) an individual monitoring device that meets the
applicable requirements of §289.202(p)(3) and (4), (q), and (r)
of this title or §289.231(s)(3) of this title;
(ii) a direct-reading pocket dosimeter or an electronic
personal dosimeter; and
(iii) an operable alarming ratemeter.
(B) For permanent radiographic installations where
other appropriate alarming or warning devices are in routine use,
the wearing of an alarming ratemeter is not required.
(C) Pocket dosimeters shall meet the criteria in ANSI
13.5-1972 at the time of manufacture and shall have a range of zero
to 200 mrem (2 mSv). Electronic personal dosimeters may only be used
in place of ion-chamber pocket dosimeters.
(D) Pocket dosimeters shall be recharged at the start
of each work shift.
(E) As a minimum, direct reading pocket dosimeters
shall be recharged and electronic personal dosimeters reset, and "start"
readings recorded:
(i) immediately before checking out any source of radiation
from an authorized storage location for the purposes of conducting
industrial radiographic operations; and
(ii) before beginning radiographic operations on any
subsequent calendar day (if the source of radiation has not been checked
back into an authorized storage site).
(F) Whenever radiographic operations are concluded
for the day, the "end" readings on pocket dosimeters or electronic
personal dosimeters shall be recorded and the accumulated occupational
doses for that day determined and recorded.
(G) If an individual's pocket dosimeter is discharged
beyond its range (for example, goes "off-scale"), or if an individual's
electronic personal dosimeter reads greater than 200 mrem (2 mSv)
and the possibility of radiation exposure cannot be ruled out as the
cause, industrial radiographic operations by that individual shall
cease and the individual's monitoring device shall be processed immediately.
The individual shall not return to work with sources of radiation
until a determination of the radiation exposure has been made. This
determination shall be made by the RSO or the RSO's designee. The
results of this determination shall be included in the records maintained
in accordance with paragraphs (5) and (6) of this subsection and subsection
(v)(1) of this section.
(H) Each individual monitoring device shall be assigned
to and worn by only one individual.
(I) Film badges shall be replaced at periods not to
exceed one month and other personnel dosimeters processed and evaluated
by an accredited National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program
(NVLAP) processor shall be replaced at periods not to exceed three
months. After replacement, each individual monitoring device shall
be returned to the supplier for processing within 14 calendar days
of the exchange date specified by the personnel monitoring supplier
or as soon as practicable. In circumstances Cont'd... |
