| (A) evaluate market classes and grades of livestock;
(B) identify animal products such as organic and farm-raised
and consumption patterns relative to human diet and health issues;
and
(C) describe the growth and development of livestock
as a global commodity.
(7) The student applies the principles of reproduction
and breeding to livestock improvement. The student is expected to:
(A) describe reproductive cycles and relate them to
breeding systems;
(B) explain the embryo transfer process and how it
can impact livestock industries;
(C) recognize the significance of meiosis to sexual
reproduction; and
(D) evaluate animal behavior and its relationship to
livestock management.
(8) The student applies the principles of molecular
genetics and heredity. The student is expected to:
(A) explain Mendel's laws of inheritance by predicting
genotypes and phenotypes of offspring using the Punnett square;
(B) predict genotypes and phenotypes of animal offspring
using Mendelian or non-Mendelian patterns of inheritance in various
forms of livestock and use Punnett Square and assign alleles to justify
all predictions;
(C) identify the parts of the nucleotide and the difference
between the nucleotides found in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) versus
ribonucleic acid (RNA);
(D) explain the functions of DNA and RNA;
(E) describe how heredity is used in the selection
of livestock such as knowing the difference between outbreeding and
inbreeding/linebreeding; and
(F) explain how traits are passed from parent to offspring
through genetic transfer and the implications of breeding practices.
(9) The student examines and compares animal anatomy
and physiology in livestock species. The student is expected to:
(A) identify and compare the external anatomy of livestock
species;
(B) compare the anatomy and physiology of the skeletal,
muscular, reproductive, digestive, circulatory, genito-urinary, respiratory,
nervous, immune, and endocrine systems of animals;
(C) describe interactions among various body systems
such as circulatory, respiratory, and muscular systems; and
(D) identify and describe the functions of epithelial,
nervous, connective, and muscular tissue and relate the functions
to animal body systems.
(10) The student determines nutritional requirements
of ruminant and non-ruminant animals. The student is expected to:
(A) describe the structures and functions of the digestive
system of ruminant animals, including cattle, and non-ruminant animals,
including poultry;
(B) identify and describe sources of nutrients and
classes of feeds and relate them to ruminant and non-ruminant animals;
(C) identify and describe vitamins, minerals, and feed
additives and how they relate to the nutritional requirements of ruminant
and non-ruminant animals;
(D) formulate rations based on different nutritional
requirements;
(E) analyze feeding practices in relation to nutritional
requirements of animals; and
(F) analyze feed quality issues and determine their
effect on animal health.
(11) The student evaluates animal diseases and parasites.
The student is expected to:
(A) identify factors that influence the health of animals
such as geographic location, age, genetic composition, and inherited
diseases for a particular species;
(B) identify pathogens and describe the effects that
diseases have on various body systems;
(C) explain the methods of prevention, control, and
treatment for diseases;
(D) describe the process of immunity and disease transmission;
(E) explain how external and internal parasites are
transmitted and the effect they have on the host;
(F) explain the methods of prevention, control, and
treatment of internal and external parasites;
(G) describe the life cycles of various parasites and
relate them to animal health issues; and
(H) conduct parasite diagnostic tests.
(12) The student defines how an organism grows and
how specialized cells, tissues, and organs develop. The student is
expected to:
(A) compare cells from different parts of animals,
including epithelia, muscles, and bones, to show specialization of
structure and function;
(B) describe and explain cell differentiation in the
development of organisms; and
(C) sequence the levels of organization in animals
and relate the parts to each other and to the whole.
(13) The student demonstrates an understanding of policies
and issues in animal science. The student is expected to:
(A) discuss the effects of biotechnology such as cloning,
artificial insemination, and freezing of semen and embryos on the
production of livestock;
(B) analyze the issues surrounding animal welfare and
the humane treatment of livestock;
(C) apply principles of nutrition to maximize feed
efficiency for livestock;
(D) design, conduct, and complete research to solve
a self-identified problem in scientific animal agriculture; and
(E) analyze the issues surrounding the impact of livestock
production on the environment.
(14) The student discusses livestock harvesting operations.
The student is expected to:
(A) map the stages of animal growth and development
and how they relate to market readiness;
(B) describe the harvesting process;
(C) describe federal and state meat inspection standards
such as safety, hygiene, and quality control standards; and
(D) identify retail and wholesale cuts of meat and
meat by-products and correlate to major muscle groups.
(15) The student explores methods of marketing livestock.
The student is expected to:
(A) compare various methods of marketing livestock;
and
(B) describe methods of marketing meat and meat products.
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