| (C) proposed corrective measures, including, but not
limited to, schedules for implementation; and
(D) enforcement options available to the agency.
(56) Inspection--An official thorough examination or
observation, including, but not limited to, records, tests, surveys,
and monitoring to effectively determine compliance with the Act and
requirements of this section, orders, and conditions of the agency.
(57) Institutional Review Board (IRB)--Any board, committee,
or other group formally designated by an institution to review, approve
the initiation of, and conduct periodic review of biomedical research
involving human subjects.
(58) Ionizing radiation--Any electromagnetic or particulate
radiation capable of producing ions, directly or indirectly, in its
passage through matter. Ionizing radiation includes gamma rays and
x-rays, alpha and beta particles, high-speed electrons, neutrons,
and other nuclear particles.
(59) kV--Kilovolt.
(60) kVp--Kilovolt peak (See definition for peak tube
potential).
(61) kWs--Kilowatt-second. It is equivalent to 10 E
3 watt-second, where 1 watt-second =1 kilovolt x 1 milliampere x 1
second.
(62) Lead equivalent--The thickness of lead affording
the same attenuation, under specified conditions, as the material
in question.
(63) Leakage radiation--Radiation emanating from the
diagnostic assembly except for the useful beam and radiation produced
when the exposure switch or timer is not activated.
(64) Lens dose equivalent--The external dose equivalent
to the lens of the eye at a tissue depth of 0.3 centimeters (300 milligrams
per square centimeter).
(65) License--A form of permission given by the agency
to an applicant who has met the requirements for licensing set out
in the Act and this chapter.
(66) Licensed material--Radioactive material received,
possessed, used, or transferred under a general or specific license
issued by the agency.
(67) Licensee--Any person who is licensed by the agency
in accordance with the Act and this chapter.
(68) mA--Milliampere.
(69) mAs--Milliampere-second.
(70) Medical research--The investigation of various
health risks and diseases.
(71) Member of the public--Any individual, except when
that individual is receiving an occupational dose.
(72) Minor--An individual less than 18 years of age.
(73) Mobile service operation--The provision of radiation
machines and personnel at temporary locations for limited time periods.
(74) Monitoring--The measurement of radiation and the
use of the results of these measurements to evaluate potential exposures
and doses. For purposes of this section, "radiation monitoring" and
"radiation protection monitoring" are equivalent terms.
(75) Notice of violation--A written statement prepared
by the agency of one or more alleged infringements of a legally binding
requirement.
(76) Occupational dose--The dose received by an individual
in the course of employment in which the individual's assigned duties
involve exposure to radiation from licensed/registered and unlicensed/unregistered
sources of radiation, whether in the possession of the licensee/registrant
or other person. Occupational dose does not include dose received
from background radiation, from any medical administration the individual
has received, from exposure to individuals administered radioactive
material and released in accordance with this section, from voluntary
participation in medical research programs, or as a member of the
public.
(77) Order--A specific directive contained in a legal
document issued by the agency.
(78) Party--A person designated as such by the ALJ.
A party may consist of the following:
(A) the agency;
(B) an applicant, licensee, registrant, accredited
mammography facility, or certified industrial radiographer; and
(C) any person affected.
(79) Patient--An individual subjected to dental examination,
diagnosis, or treatment.
(80) Peak tube potential--The maximum value of the
potential difference in kilovolts across the x-ray tube during an
exposure.
(81) Person--Any individual, corporation, partnership,
firm, association, trust, estate, public or private institution, group,
agency, local government, any other state or political subdivision
or agency thereof, or any other legal entity, and any legal successor,
representative, agent, or agency of the foregoing, other than the
United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and other than federal
government agencies licensed or exempted by the United States Nuclear
Regulatory Commission.
(82) Personnel monitoring equipment--(See definition
for individual monitoring devices).
(83) Phototimer--A method for controlling radiation
exposures to image receptors by the amount of radiation that reaches
a radiation detection device. The radiation detection device is part
of an electronic circuit that controls the duration of time the tube
is activated (See definition for automatic exposure control).
(84) Primary protective barrier--(See definition for
protective barrier).
(85) Protective barrier--A barrier of radiation absorbing
materials used to reduce radiation exposure. The types of protective
barriers are as follows:
(A) primary protective barrier--A barrier sufficient
to attenuate the useful beam to the required degree; or
(B) secondary protective barrier--A barrier sufficient
to attenuate the stray radiation to the required degree.
(86) Public dose--The dose received by a member of
the public from exposure to radiation from licensed/registered and
unlicensed/unregistered sources of radiation, whether in the possession
of the licensee/registrant or other person. It does not include occupational
dose or doses received from background radiation, from any medical
administration the individual has received, from exposure to individuals
administered radioactive material and released in accordance with
this section, or from voluntary participation in medical research
programs, or as a member of the public.
(87) Rad--The special unit of absorbed dose. One rad
is equal to an absorbed dose of 100 ergs per gram or 0.01 joule per
kilogram (0.01 Gy).
(88) Radiation--One or more of the following:
(A) gamma and x-rays, alpha and beta particles, and
other atomic or nuclear particles or rays;
(B) radiation emitted to energy density levels that
could reasonably cause bodily harm from an electronic device; or
(C) sonic, ultrasonic, or infrasonic waves from any
electronic device or resulting from the operation of an electronic
circuit in an electronic device in the energy range to reasonably
cause detectable bodily harm.
(89) Radiation area--Any area, accessible to individuals,
in which radiation levels could result in an individual receiving
a dose equivalent in excess of 0.005 rem (0.05 millisievert) in one
hour at 30 centimeters from the radiation machine or from any surface
that the radiation penetrates.
(90) Radiation machine--An x-ray system, subsystem,
or component capable of producing ionizing radiation except those
devices with radioactive material as the only source of radiation.
For purposes of this section, "radiation machine," "x-ray equipment,"
"x-ray system," and "x-ray unit" are equivalent terms. Types of radiation
machines include, but are not limited to:
(A) Stationary radiation machine--A radiation machine
that is installed in a fixed location.
(B) Hand-held radiation machine--A radiation machine
that is designed to be hand-held during operation.
(C) Portable radiation machine--A radiation machine
that is mounted on a permanent base with wheels or casters for moving
while completely assembled, including a hand-carried radiation machine
that is designed to be mounted on a support while operating.
(D) Mobile radiation machine--A radiation machine that
is transported in a vehicle to be used at various temporary locations.
(91) Radiation safety officer (RSO)--An individual
who has a knowledge of and the authority and responsibility to apply
appropriate radiation protection rules, standards, and practices,
who shall be specifically authorized on a certificate of registration,
and who is the primary contact with the agency.
(92) Radiograph--An image receptor on which the image
is created directly or indirectly by an x-ray exposure and results
in a permanent record.
(93) Registrant--Any person issued a certificate of
registration by the agency in accordance with the Act and this chapter.
(94) Regulation--(See definition for rule).
Cont'd... |
