| (C) any person affected.
(79) Patient--An individual subjected to dental examination,
diagnosis, or treatment.
(80) Peak tube potential--The maximum value of the
potential difference in kilovolts across the x-ray tube during an
exposure.
(81) Person--Any individual, corporation, partnership,
firm, association, trust, estate, public or private institution, group,
agency, local government, any other state or political subdivision
or agency thereof, or any other legal entity, and any legal successor,
representative, agent, or agency of the foregoing, other than the
United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and other than federal
government agencies licensed or exempted by the United States Nuclear
Regulatory Commission.
(82) Personnel monitoring equipment--(See definition
for individual monitoring devices).
(83) Phototimer--A method for controlling radiation
exposures to image receptors by the amount of radiation that reaches
a radiation detection device. The radiation detection device is part
of an electronic circuit that controls the duration of time the tube
is activated (See definition for automatic exposure control).
(84) Primary protective barrier--(See definition for
protective barrier).
(85) Protective barrier--A barrier of radiation absorbing
materials used to reduce radiation exposure. The types of protective
barriers are as follows:
(A) primary protective barrier--A barrier sufficient
to attenuate the useful beam to the required degree; or
(B) secondary protective barrier--A barrier sufficient
to attenuate the stray radiation to the required degree.
(86) Public dose--The dose received by a member of
the public from exposure to radiation from licensed/registered and
unlicensed/unregistered sources of radiation, whether in the possession
of the licensee/registrant or other person. It does not include occupational
dose or doses received from background radiation, from any medical
administration the individual has received, from exposure to individuals
administered radioactive material and released in accordance with
this section, or from voluntary participation in medical research
programs, or as a member of the public.
(87) Rad--The special unit of absorbed dose. One rad
is equal to an absorbed dose of 100 ergs per gram or 0.01 joule per
kilogram (0.01 Gy).
(88) Radiation--One or more of the following:
(A) gamma and x-rays, alpha and beta particles, and
other atomic or nuclear particles or rays;
(B) radiation emitted to energy density levels that
could reasonably cause bodily harm from an electronic device; or
(C) sonic, ultrasonic, or infrasonic waves from any
electronic device or resulting from the operation of an electronic
circuit in an electronic device in the energy range to reasonably
cause detectable bodily harm.
(89) Radiation area--Any area, accessible to individuals,
in which radiation levels could result in an individual receiving
a dose equivalent in excess of 0.005 rem (0.05 millisievert) in one
hour at 30 centimeters from the radiation machine or from any surface
that the radiation penetrates.
(90) Radiation machine--An x-ray system, subsystem,
or component capable of producing ionizing radiation except those
devices with radioactive material as the only source of radiation.
For purposes of this section, "radiation machine," "x-ray equipment,"
"x-ray system," and "x-ray unit" are equivalent terms. Types of radiation
machines include, but are not limited to:
(A) Stationary radiation machine--A radiation machine
that is installed in a fixed location.
(B) Hand-held radiation machine--A radiation machine
that is designed to be hand-held during operation.
(C) Portable radiation machine--A radiation machine
that is mounted on a permanent base with wheels or casters for moving
while completely assembled, including a hand-carried radiation machine
that is designed to be mounted on a support while operating.
(D) Mobile radiation machine--A radiation machine that
is transported in a vehicle to be used at various temporary locations.
(91) Radiation safety officer (RSO)--An individual
who has a knowledge of and the authority and responsibility to apply
appropriate radiation protection rules, standards, and practices,
who shall be specifically authorized on a certificate of registration,
and who is the primary contact with the agency.
(92) Radiograph--An image receptor on which the image
is created directly or indirectly by an x-ray exposure and results
in a permanent record.
(93) Registrant--Any person issued a certificate of
registration by the agency in accordance with the Act and this chapter.
(94) Regulation--(See definition for rule).
(95) Rem--The special unit of any of the quantities
expressed as dose equivalent. The dose equivalent in rem sievert (Sv)
is equal to the absorbed dose in rad or gray multiplied by the quality
factor (1 rem = 0.01 Sv).
(96) Remote inspection--An examination by the agency
of information submitted by the registrant on a form provided by the
agency.
(97) Research and development--Research and development
is defined as:
(A) theoretical analysis, exploration, or experimentation;
or
(B) the extension of investigative findings and theories
of a scientific or technical nature into practical application for
experimental and demonstration purposes, including the experimental
production and testing of models, devices, equipment, radiation machines,
materials, and processes.
(98) Restricted area--An area, access to which is limited
by the registrant for protecting individuals against undue risks from
exposure to radiation. Restricted area does not include areas used
as residential quarters, but separate rooms in a residential building
may be set apart as a restricted area.
(99) Roentgen (R)--The special unit of exposure. One
roentgen (R) equals 2.58 x 10‑4 coulombs per kilogram of air.
(See definition for exposure.)
(100) Rule--Any agency statement of general applicability
that implements, interprets, or prescribes law or policy, or describes
the procedure or practice requirements of an agency. The term includes
the amendment or repeal of a section but does not include statements
concerning the internal management or organization of any agency and
does not affect private rights or procedures. The word "rule" was
formerly referred to as "regulation."
(101) Scattered radiation--Radiation that has been
deviated in direction during passage through matter.
(102) Secondary protective barrier--(See definition
for protective barrier).
(103) Severity level--A classification of violations
based on relative seriousness of each violation and the significance
of the effect of the violation on the occupational or public health
or safety or the environment.
(104) Shallow dose equivalent (Hs )
(that applies to the external exposure of the skin of the whole body
or the skin of an extremity)--The dose equivalent at a tissue depth
of 0.007 centimeters (7 milligrams per square centimeter).
(105) SI--The abbreviation for the International System
of Units.
(106) Sievert--The SI unit of any of the quantities
expressed as dose equivalent. The dose equivalent in sievert is equal
to the absorbed dose in gray multiplied by the quality factor (1 sievert
= 100 rem).
(107) Source of radiation--Any radioactive material
or device that is capable of emitting or producing ionizing radiation.
(108) Source-to-image receptor distance--The distance
from the source to the center of the input surface of the image receptor.
(109) Source-to-skin distance--The distance from the
source to the skin of the patient.
(110) Special units--The conventional units historically
used by registrants, i.e., rad (absorbed dose), and rem (dose equivalent).
(111) Stray radiation--The sum of leakage and scattered
radiation.
(112) Supervision--The delegating of the task of applying
radiation in accordance with this section to persons not licensed
in dentistry, who perform tasks under the dentist's control. The dentist
assumes full responsibility for these tasks and shall assure that
the tasks will be administered correctly.
(113) Survey--An evaluation of the radiological conditions
and potential hazards incident to the production, use, transfer, and
disposal of radiation machines. When appropriate, such survey includes,
but is not limited to, tests, physical examination of location of
equipment or radiation machines, and measurements of levels of radiation
present, and evaluation of administrative and engineered controls.
Cont'd... |
