| (iii) identifying the intended audience or reader;
and
(F) analyze characteristics of multimodal and digital
texts.
(10) Author's purpose and craft: listening, speaking,
reading, writing, and thinking using multiple texts. The student uses
critical inquiry to analyze the authors' choices and how they influence
and communicate meaning within a variety of texts. The student analyzes
and applies author's craft purposefully in order to develop his or
her own products and performances. Based on the student's language
proficiency level, the student is expected to:
(A) explain the author's purpose and message within
a text;
(B) analyze how the use of text structure contributes
to the author's purpose;
(C) analyze the author's use of print and graphic features
to achieve specific purposes;
(D) describe how the author's use of figurative language
such as metaphor and personification achieves specific purposes;
(E) identify the use of literary devices, including
subjective and objective point of view;
(F) analyze how the author's use of language contributes
to mood, voice, and tone; and
(G) explain the purpose of rhetorical devices such
as direct address and rhetorical questions and logical fallacies such
as loaded language and sweeping generalizations.
(11) Composition: listening, speaking, reading, writing,
and thinking using multiple texts--writing process. The student uses
the writing process recursively to compose multiple texts that are
legible and uses appropriate conventions. Based on the student's language
proficiency level, the student is expected to:
(A) plan a first draft by selecting a genre appropriate
for a particular topic, purpose, and audience using a range of strategies
such as discussion, background reading, and personal interests;
(B) develop drafts into a focused, structured, and
coherent piece of writing by:
(i) organizing with purposeful structure, including
an introduction, transitions, coherence within and across paragraphs,
and a conclusion; and
(ii) developing an engaging idea reflecting depth of
thought with specific facts, details, and examples;
(C) revise drafts for clarity, development, organization,
style, word choice, and sentence variety;
(D) edit drafts using standard English conventions,
including:
(i) complete simple, compound, and complex sentences
with subject-verb agreement and avoidance of splices, run-ons, and
fragments;
(ii) consistent, appropriate use of verb tenses;
(iii) conjunctive adverbs;
(iv) prepositions and prepositional phrases and their
influence on subject-verb agreement;
(v) pronoun-antecedent agreement;
(vi) subordinating conjunctions to form complex sentences
and correlative conjunctions such as either/or and neither/nor;
(vii) correct capitalization;
(viii) punctuation, including commas to set off words,
phrases, and clauses and semicolons; and
(ix) correct spelling, including commonly confused
terms such as its/it's, affect/effect, there/their/they're, and to/two/too;
and
(E) publish written work for appropriate audiences.
(12) Composition: listening, speaking, reading, writing,
and thinking using multiple texts--genres. The student uses genre
characteristics and craft to compose multiple texts that are meaningful.
Based on the student's language proficiency level, the student is
expected to:
(A) compose literary texts such as personal narratives,
fiction, and poetry using genre characteristics and craft;
(B) compose informational texts, including multi-paragraph
essays that convey information about a topic, using a clear controlling
idea or thesis statement and genre characteristics and craft;
(C) compose multi-paragraph argumentative texts using
genre characteristics and craft; and
(D) compose correspondence that reflects an opinion,
registers a complaint, or requests information in a business or friendly
structure.
(13) Inquiry and research: listening, speaking, reading,
writing, and thinking using multiple texts. The student engages in
both short-term and sustained recursive inquiry processes for a variety
of purposes. Based on the student's language proficiency level, the
student is expected to:
(A) generate student-selected and teacher-guided questions
for formal and informal inquiry;
(B) develop and revise a plan;
(C) refine the major research question, if necessary,
guided by the answers to a secondary set of questions;
(D) identify and gather relevant information from a
variety of sources;
(E) differentiate between primary and secondary sources;
(F) synthesize information from a variety of sources;
(G) differentiate between paraphrasing and plagiarism
when using source materials;
(H) examine sources for:
(i) reliability, credibility, and bias; and
(ii) faulty reasoning such as hyperbole, emotional
appeals, and stereotype;
(I) display academic citations and use source materials
ethically; and
(J) use an appropriate mode of delivery, whether written,
oral, or multimodal, to present results.
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