| (56) Irradiation--The exposure of matter to ionizing
radiation.
(57) kV--Kilovolt.
(58) kVp--Kilovolt peak (See definition for peak tube
potential).
(59) Lead equivalent--The thickness of lead affording
the same attenuation, under specified conditions, as the material
in question.
(60) Lens dose equivalent--The external dose equivalent
to the lens of the eye at a tissue depth of 0.3 cm (300 mg/cm2 ).
(61) Licensing state--Any state with rules equivalent
to the Suggested State Regulations for Control of Radiation relating
to, and having an effective program for, the regulatory control of
naturally occurring or accelerator-produced radioactive material.
(62) mA--Milliampere.
(63) mAs--Milliampere-second.
(64) Medical research--The investigation of various
health risks and diseases as it pertains to veterinary practices.
(65) Member of the public--Any individual, except when
that individual is receiving an occupational dose.
(66) Minor--An individual who is under 18 years of
age.
(67) Mobile service operation--The provision of radiation
machines and personnel at temporary sites for limited time periods.
The radiation machines may be fixed inside a motorized vehicle or
may be a portable radiation machine that may be removed from the vehicle
and taken into a facility for use.
(68) Monitoring--The measurement of radiation and the
use of the results of these measurements to evaluate potential exposures
and doses. For purposes of this section, "radiation monitoring" and
"radiation protection monitoring" are equivalent terms.
(69) Occupational dose--The dose received by an individual
during the course of employment in which the individual's assigned
duties involve exposure to sources of radiation from licensed/registered
and unlicensed/unregistered sources of radiation, whether in the possession
of the licensee/registrant or other person. Occupational dose does
not include dose received from background radiation, from any medical
administration the individual has received, from exposure to individuals
administered radioactive material and released in accordance with
this section, from voluntary participation in medical research programs,
or as a member of the public.
(70) Peak tube potential--The maximum value of the
potential difference in kilovolts across the x-ray tube during an
exposure.
(71) Person--Any individual, corporation, partnership,
firm, association, trust, estate, public or private institution, group,
agency, local government, any other state or political subdivision
or agency thereof, or any other legal entity, and any legal successor,
representative, agent, or agency of the foregoing, other than the
NRC and other federal government agencies licensed or exempted by
the NRC.
(72) Personnel monitoring equipment--See definition
for individual monitoring devices.
(73) Phototimer--A method for controlling exposures
to image receptors by the amount of radiation that reaches a radiation
detection device. The radiation detection device is part of an electronic
circuit that controls the duration of time the tube is activated (See
definition for automatic exposure control).
(74) Primary protective barrier--See definition for
protective barrier.
(75) Protective apron--An apron made of radiation absorbing
materials used to reduce radiation exposure.
(76) Protective barrier--A barrier of radiation absorbing
materials used to reduce radiation exposure. The types of protective
barriers are as follows:
(A) primary protective barrier, which is a barrier
sufficient to attenuate the useful beam to the required degree; or
(B) secondary protective barrier, which is a barrier
sufficient to attenuate the stray radiation to the required degree.
(77) Public dose--The dose received by a member of
the public from exposure to radiation from licensed/registered and
unlicensed/unregistered sources of radiation, whether in the possession
of the licensee/registrant or other person. It does not include occupational
dose or doses received from background radiation, from any medical
administration the individual has received, from exposure to individuals
administered radioactive material and released in accordance with
this section, or from voluntary participation in medical research
programs, or as a member of the public.
(78) Rad--The special unit of absorbed dose. One rad
is equal to an absorbed dose of 100 ergs per gram (erg/g) or 0.01
J/kg (0.01 Gy).
(79) Radiation (ionizing radiation)--Any alpha particles,
beta particles, gamma rays, x-rays, neutrons, high-speed electrons,
high-speed protons, and other particles capable of producing ions.
Radiation, as used in this part, does not include non-ionizing radiation,
such as radio- or microwaves, or visible, infrared, or ultraviolet
light.
(80) Radiation area--Any area, accessible to individuals,
in which radiation levels could result in an individual receiving
a dose equivalent in excess of 0.005 rem (0.05 mSv) in 1 hour at 30
cm from the radiation machine or from any surface that the radiation
penetrates.
(81) Radiation machine--An x-ray system, subsystem,
or component capable of producing ionizing radiation except those
devices with radioactive material as the only source of radiation.
For purposes of this section, "radiation machine," "x-ray equipment,"
"x-ray system," and "x-ray unit" are equivalent terms. Types of radiation
machines include:
(A) A stationary radiation machine, which is a radiation
machine that is installed in a fixed location.
(B) A hand-held radiation machine, which is a radiation
machine that is designed to be hand-held during operation.
(C) A portable radiation machine, which is a radiation
machine that is mounted on a permanent base with wheels or casters
for moving while completely assembled, including a hand-carried radiation
machine that is designed to be mounted on a support while operating.
(D) A mobile radiation machine, which is a radiation
machine that is transported in a vehicle to be used at various temporary
locations.
(82) Radiation safety officer (RSO)--An individual
who has a knowledge of and the authority and responsibility to apply
appropriate radiation protection rules, standards, and practices,
who shall be specifically authorized on a certificate of registration,
and who is the primary contact with the agency.
(83) Radiograph--An image receptor on which the image
is created directly or indirectly by an x-ray exposure and results
in a permanent record.
(84) Registrant--Any person issued a certificate of
registration by the agency in accordance with the Act and this chapter.
(85) Regulation--See definition for rule.
(86) Rem--The special unit of any of the quantities
expressed as dose equivalent. The dose equivalent in rem Sv is equal
to the absorbed dose in rad or Gy multiplied by the quality factor
(1 rem = 0.01 Sv).
(87) Remote inspection--An examination by the agency
of information submitted by the registrant on a form provided by the
agency.
(88) Research and development--Research and development
is defined as:
(A) theoretical analysis, exploration, or experimentation;
or
(B) the extension of investigative findings and theories
of a scientific or technical nature into practical application for
experimental and demonstration purposes, including the experimental
production and testing of models, devices, radiation machines, equipment,
materials, and processes.
(89) Restricted area--An area, access to which is limited
by the registrant for the purpose of protecting individuals against
undue risks from exposure to radiation. Restricted area does not include
areas used as residential quarters, but separate rooms in a residential
building may be set apart as a restricted area.
(90) Roentgen (R)--The special unit of exposure. One
R equals 2.58 x 10‑4 C/kg of air
(See definition for exposure).
(91) Rule--Any agency statement of general applicability
that implements, interprets, or prescribes law or policy, or describes
the procedure or practice requirements of an agency. The term includes
the amendment or repeal of a prior section but does not include statements
concerning only the internal management or organization of any agency
and not affecting private rights or procedures. The word "rule" was
formerly referred to as "regulation."
(92) Scan--The complete process of collecting x-ray
transmission data for the production of a tomogram. Data can be collected
simultaneously during a single scan for the production of one or more
tomograms.
(93) Scan time--The period of time between the beginning
and end of x-ray transmission data accumulation for a single scan.
Cont'd... |
