| (D) conduct a primary and secondary systematic search
of a simulated crime scene for physical evidence utilizing search
patterns such as spiral, line, grid, and zone;
(E) document a crime scene using photographic or audiovisual
equipment;
(F) generate a physical or digital crime scene sketch,
including coordinates or measurements from fixed points, compass directions,
scale of proportion, legend-key, heading, and title block; and
(G) demonstrate proper techniques for collecting, packaging,
and preserving physical evidence found at a crime scene while maintaining
documentation, including chain of custody.
(10) The student analyzes fingerprint evidence in forensic
science. The student is expected to:
(A) compare the three major fingerprint patterns of
arches, loops, and whorls;
(B) identify the minutiae of fingerprints, including
bifurcations, ending ridges, dots, short ridges, and enclosures/islands;
(C) distinguish between patent, plastic, and latent
impressions;
(D) perform procedures for developing and lifting latent
prints on nonporous surfaces using cyanoacrylate and fingerprint powders;
(E) perform procedures for developing latent prints
using chemical processes on porous and adhesive surfaces with chemicals
such as ninhydrin and crystal violet and documenting the results via
photography; and
(F) explain the Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification
System (IAFIS) and describe the implications of Next Generation Identification
(NGI) systems.
(11) The student collects and analyzes impression evidence
in forensic science. The student is expected to:
(A) analyze the class and individual characteristics
of tool mark impressions and the recovery and documentation of surface
characteristics such as wood or metal;
(B) analyze the class and individual characteristics
of footwear impressions and the recovery and documentation of surface
characteristics such as soil or organic plant material;
(C) analyze the class and individual characteristics
of tire tread impressions and the recovery documentation of surface
characteristics such as soil or organic plant material; and
(D) compare impression evidence collected at a simulated
crime scene with the known impression.
(12) The student recognizes the methods to process
and analyze hair and fibers found in a crime scene. The student is
expected to:
(A) demonstrate how to collect hair and fiber evidence
at a simulated crime scene;
(B) perform the analysis of hair and fiber evidence
using forensic science methods such as microscopy and flame testing;
(C) compare the microscopic characteristics of human
hair and non-human hair, including medulla, pigment distribution,
and scales;
(D) describe and illustrate the different microscopic
characteristics used to determine the origin of a human hair sample;
and
(E) differentiate between natural and synthetic fibers.
(13) The student recognizes the methods to process
and analyze glass evidence. The student is expected to:
(A) demonstrate how to collect and preserve glass evidence;
(B) compare the composition of various types of glass
such as soda lime, borosilicate, leaded, and tempered;
(C) determine the direction of a projectile by examining
glass fractures; and
(D) define refractive index and explain how it is used
in forensic glass analysis.
(14) The student explores principles of questioned
document analysis in the physical and digital form. The student is
expected to:
(A) research and explain different types of examinations
performed on digital and physical evidence in a forensic laboratory
such as digital data recovery, counterfeiting, ink, and paper analysis;
(B) investigate and describe the security features
incorporated in U.S. and foreign currency to prevent counterfeiting;
and
(C) perform handwriting comparisons of an unknown sample
with exemplars by analyzing characteristics such as letter, line,
and formatting.
(15) The student evaluates firearms and ballistics
evidence. The student is expected to:
(A) describe the mechanism of modern firearms such
as long guns and handguns;
(B) identify the components and characteristics of
bullet and cartridge cases;
(C) describe the composition of and method of analysis
for gunshot residue and primer residue;
(D) conduct and calculate trajectory analysis of bullet
strikes within a simulated crime scene; and
(E) identify and recognize the type of information
available through the National Integrated Ballistics Information Network.
(16) The student identifies controlled and illicit
substances. The student is expected to:
(A) differentiate between toxicological analysis and
controlled substance analysis as they relate to the method of collection
and impact on the body;
(B) classify controlled substances using the schedules
under the Controlled Substances Act; and
(C) identify unknown substances using presumptive and
confirmatory procedures such as microchemical/color indicating reagent
field tests, microscopy, chromatography, and spectrophotometry.
(17) The student explores toxicology in forensic science.
The student is expected to:
(A) explain the absorption, distribution, metabolization,
and elimination of toxins such as alcohol, prescription drugs, controlled
substances, and carbon monoxide through the human body;
(B) describe presumptive and confirmatory laboratory
procedures as they relate to toxicological analysis such as head space
analysis, solid-phase extractions, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
(GC/MS), color tests, and immunoassays;
(C) interpret results from presumptive and confirmatory
laboratory procedures, including GC/MS and their implications; and
(D) explain the precautions necessary in the forensic
laboratory for proper preservation of biological samples.
(18) The student analyzes blood spatter at a simulated
crime scene. The student is expected to:
(A) analyze blood stain patterns based on surface type
and appearance such as size, shape, distribution and location in order
to determine the mechanism by which the patterns are created;
(B) explain the methods of chemically enhancing latent
blood patterns using reagents such as Blue Star or Amido Black; and
(C) conduct and interpret blood presumptive tests for
various biologicals such as phenolphthalein and tetramethylbenzidine
(TMB).
(19) The student analyzes the foundations and methodologies
surrounding the processing of biological evidence for the purpose
of identification. The student is expected to:
(A) identify different types of biological samples
and practice proper collection and preservation techniques;
(B) identify the red blood cell antigens and antibodies
as they relate to human blood types;
(C) describe the structure of a deoxyribonucleic acid
(DNA) molecule and its function;
(D) explain the analytical procedure for generating
a DNA profile, including extraction, quantification, amplification,
and capillary electrophoresis;
(E) explain the different methodologies surrounding
the different types of DNA analysis such as short tandem repeats (STRs),
Y-STRs, mitochondrial DNA, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs);
(F) interpret the components of an electropherogram;
and
(G) explore the databasing systems associated with
DNA such as Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) and ancestry-based databasing
systems.
(20) The student explores the principles surrounding
medicolegal death investigations. The student is expected to:
(A) explain the principles of rigor, algor, and livor
mortis and how they apply to deceased persons;
(B) differentiate between the types of wound patterns
such as lacerations and blunt force trauma resulting from stabbings,
bludgeoning, gunshots, and strangulations;
(C) determine cause and manner of death from an autopsy
report obtained through resources such as case studies, simulated
autopsies, and dissections; and
(D) determine the approximate time of death using entomology.
(21) The student explores principles of anthropology
and odontology relevant to forensic science. The student is expected
to:
(A) identify the major bones of the human skeletal
system;
(B) compare composition and structure of human and
non-human bones;
(C) describe the collection and preservation methods
for bone evidence;
(D) explain the characteristics of the human skeletal
system indicative of specific biological sex and approximate range
of age and height; and
(E) explain how human remains are identified through
dental records such as dentures, x-rays, and implants.
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