| (B) identify the components and characteristics of
bullet and cartridge cases;
(C) describe the composition of and method of analysis
for gunshot residue and primer residue;
(D) conduct and calculate trajectory analysis of bullet
strikes within a simulated crime scene; and
(E) identify and recognize the type of information
available through the National Integrated Ballistics Information Network.
(16) The student identifies controlled and illicit
substances. The student is expected to:
(A) differentiate between toxicological analysis and
controlled substance analysis as they relate to the method of collection
and impact on the body;
(B) classify controlled substances using the schedules
under the Controlled Substances Act; and
(C) identify unknown substances using presumptive and
confirmatory procedures such as microchemical/color indicating reagent
field tests, microscopy, chromatography, and spectrophotometry.
(17) The student explores toxicology in forensic science.
The student is expected to:
(A) explain the absorption, distribution, metabolization,
and elimination of toxins such as alcohol, prescription drugs, controlled
substances, and carbon monoxide through the human body;
(B) describe presumptive and confirmatory laboratory
procedures as they relate to toxicological analysis such as head space
analysis, solid-phase extractions, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
(GC/MS), color tests, and immunoassays;
(C) interpret results from presumptive and confirmatory
laboratory procedures, including GC/MS and their implications; and
(D) explain the precautions necessary in the forensic
laboratory for proper preservation of biological samples.
(18) The student analyzes blood spatter at a simulated
crime scene. The student is expected to:
(A) analyze blood stain patterns based on surface type
and appearance such as size, shape, distribution and location in order
to determine the mechanism by which the patterns are created;
(B) explain the methods of chemically enhancing latent
blood patterns using reagents such as Blue Star or Amido Black; and
(C) conduct and interpret blood presumptive tests for
various biologicals such as phenolphthalein and tetramethylbenzidine
(TMB).
(19) The student analyzes the foundations and methodologies
surrounding the processing of biological evidence for the purpose
of identification. The student is expected to:
(A) identify different types of biological samples
and practice proper collection and preservation techniques;
(B) identify the red blood cell antigens and antibodies
as they relate to human blood types;
(C) describe the structure of a deoxyribonucleic acid
(DNA) molecule and its function;
(D) explain the analytical procedure for generating
a DNA profile, including extraction, quantification, amplification,
and capillary electrophoresis;
(E) explain the different methodologies surrounding
the different types of DNA analysis such as short tandem repeats (STRs),
Y-STRs, mitochondrial DNA, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs);
(F) interpret the components of an electropherogram;
and
(G) explore the databasing systems associated with
DNA such as Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) and ancestry-based databasing
systems.
(20) The student explores the principles surrounding
medicolegal death investigations. The student is expected to:
(A) explain the principles of rigor, algor, and livor
mortis and how they apply to deceased persons;
(B) differentiate between the types of wound patterns
such as lacerations and blunt force trauma resulting from stabbings,
bludgeoning, gunshots, and strangulations;
(C) determine cause and manner of death from an autopsy
report obtained through resources such as case studies, simulated
autopsies, and dissections; and
(D) determine the approximate time of death using entomology.
(21) The student explores principles of anthropology
and odontology relevant to forensic science. The student is expected
to:
(A) identify the major bones of the human skeletal
system;
(B) compare composition and structure of human and
non-human bones;
(C) describe the collection and preservation methods
for bone evidence;
(D) explain the characteristics of the human skeletal
system indicative of specific biological sex and approximate range
of age and height; and
(E) explain how human remains are identified through
dental records such as dentures, x-rays, and implants.
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