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TITLE 30ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
PART 1TEXAS COMMISSION ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
CHAPTER 290PUBLIC DRINKING WATER
SUBCHAPTER DRULES AND REGULATIONS FOR PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS
RULE §290.42Water Treatment

(a) Capacity and location.

  (1) Based on current acceptable design standards, the total capacity of the public water system's treatment facilities must always be greater than its anticipated maximum daily demand. The water treatment plant and all pumping units shall be located in well-drained areas not subject to flooding and away from seepage areas or where the groundwater water table is near the surface.

    (A) Water treatment plants shall not be located within 500 feet of a sewage treatment plant or lands irrigated with sewage effluent. A minimum distance of 150 feet must be maintained between any septic tank drainfield line and any underground treatment or storage unit. Any sanitary sewers located within 50 feet of any underground treatment or storage unit shall be constructed of ductile iron or polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe with a minimum pressure rating of 150 pounds per square inch (psi) and have watertight joints.

    (B) Plant site selection shall also take into consideration the need for disposition of all plant wastes in accordance with all applicable regulations and state statutes, including both liquid and solid wastes, or by-product material from operation and/or maintenance.

  (3) Each water treatment plant shall be located at a site that is accessible by an all-weather road.

(b) Groundwater.

  (1) Disinfection facilities shall be provided for all groundwater supplies for the purpose of microbiological control and distribution protection and shall be in conformity with applicable disinfection requirements in subsection (e) of this section and in a manner consistent with the requirements of §290.110 of this title (relating to Disinfectant Residuals).

  (2) Treatment facilities shall be provided for groundwater if the water does not meet the drinking water standards. The facilities provided shall be in conformance with established and proven methods.

    (A) Filters provided for turbidity and microbiological quality control shall be preceded by coagulant addition and shall conform to the requirements of subsection (d)(11) of this section. Filtration rates for iron and manganese removal, regardless of the media or type of filter, shall be based on a maximum rate of five gallons per minute per square foot (gpm/sq ft).

    (B) The removal of iron and manganese may not be required if it can be demonstrated that these metals can be sequestered so that the discoloration problems they cause do not exist in the distribution system.

    (C) All processes involving exposure of the water to atmospheric contamination shall provide for subsequent disinfection of the water ahead of ground storage tanks. Likewise, all exposure of water to atmospheric contamination shall be accomplished in a manner such that insects, birds, and other foreign materials will be excluded from the water. Aerators and all other such openings shall be screened with 16-mesh or finer corrosion-resistant screen.

    (D) If reverse osmosis or nanofiltration membrane systems are used, the design shall conform to the requirements in paragraph (9) of this subsection.

  (3) Any proposed change in the extent of water treatment required will be determined on the basis of geological data, well construction features, nearby sources of contamination, and on qualitative and quantitative microbiological and chemical analyses.

  (4) Appropriate laboratory facilities shall be provided for controls as well as to check the effectiveness of disinfection or any other treatment processes employed.

  (5) All plant piping shall be constructed to minimize leakage.

  (6) All groundwater systems shall provide sampling taps for raw water, treated water, and at a point representing water entering the distribution system at every entry point.

  (7) Air release devices shall be installed in such a manner as to preclude the possibility of submergence or possible entrance of contaminants. In this respect, all openings to the atmosphere shall be covered with 16-mesh or finer corrosion-resistant screening material or an equivalent acceptable to the executive director.

  (8) The executive director may require 4-log removal or inactivation of viruses based on raw water sampling results required by §290.116 of this title (relating to Groundwater Corrective Actions and Treatment Techniques).

  (9) Reverse osmosis or nanofiltration membrane systems used for the treatment of primary and secondary contaminants defined in Subchapter F of this chapter (relating to Drinking Water Standards Governing Drinking Water Quality and Reporting Requirements for Public Water Systems), must meet the design criteria in subparagraphs (A) - (L) of this paragraph.

    (A) The design for all reverse osmosis and nanofiltration membrane systems must be in accordance with the findings of the engineering report. Variations from the engineering report must be explained and shall not compromise public health. Minimum engineering report requirements are found in §290.39(e)(1) and (6) of this title (relating to General Provisions).

    (B) The reverse osmosis and nanofiltration membrane systems must be designed to ensure adequate cleaning of the membrane system.

    (C) The reverse osmosis or nanofiltration membrane systems must be designed to operate at flux rates which assure effective filtration at all times based on at least one of the following:

      (i) manufacturer's computer models for new and end-of-life membranes;

      (ii) site-specific pilot study;

      (iii) comparable design data from an alternative site; or

      (iv) the manufacturer's allowable operating parameters, if the membrane unit's capacity is rated less than 300 gallons per minute.

    (D) Pretreatment shall be provided such that the feed water quality to the membrane units shall meet the minimum allowable requirements of the membrane manufacturer. Pretreatment processes shall be sized correctly for the flow of the plant, and the components and chemicals used for pretreatment in contact with the water must conform to American National Standards Institute/NSF International (ANSI/NSF) Standard 60 for Drinking Water Treatment Chemicals or ANSI/NSF Standard 61 for Drinking Water System Components. Other pretreatment processes will be reviewed on an individual basis in accordance with the innovative/alternate treatment requirements specified in subsection (g) of this section. Acceptable pretreatment techniques include:

      (i) bags, cartridge filters, or screens for particulate removal;

      (ii) chemical addition that will not adversely affect the reverse osmosis or nanofiltration membrane;

      (iii) filters for iron and manganese removal in accordance with paragraph (2)(A) of this subsection;

      (iv) aeration or degasification; and

      (v) ion exchange softening.

    (E) The treatment plant must include post-treatment facilities for corrosivity control, re-mineralization and the removal of dissolved gases, such as carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide, if necessary to meet the system's water quality goals. The treatment must be sized correctly for the flow of the plant, and the components and chemicals used for treatment must conform to ANSI/NSF Standard 60 for Drinking Water Treatment Chemicals or ANSI/NSF Standard 61 for Drinking Water System Components.

    (F) Pipes and pipe galleries shall meet the minimum requirements specified in subsection (d)(12) and (13) of this section.

    (G) Each reverse osmosis or nanofiltration membrane unit shall be equipped to measure conductivity or total dissolved solids in the feed and the permeate water.

    (H) Chemical storage and chemical feed facilities shall comply with subsection (f) of this section.

    (I) Provide cross-connection protection for common piping used for cleaning and normal production modes.

    (J) Provide flow meters on the pipes for feed, permeate, and concentrate water. Additional metering devices shall be provided as appropriate to monitor the flow rate through specific treatment processes. Metering devices shall be located to facilitate use and to assist in the determination of chemical dosages, the accumulation of water production data, and the operation of plant facilities.

    (K) The water system must provide pressure measuring and recording devices before and after each membrane stage.

    (L) The water system must provide equipment to monitor the temperature of the water. The temperature of the water must be measured using a thermometer or thermocouple with a minimum accuracy of plus or minus 0.5 degrees Celsius.

(c) Groundwater under the direct influence of surface water, springs, and other water sources.

Cont'd...

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