| (a) General requirements. This course is recommended
for students in Grades 10-12. Prerequisites: one credit of high school
science and Algebra I. Students must meet the 40% laboratory and fieldwork
requirement. This course satisfies a high school science graduation
requirement. Students shall be awarded one credit for successful completion
of this course.
(b) Introduction.
(1) Career and technical education instruction provides
content aligned with challenging academic standards and relevant technical
knowledge and skills for students to further their education and succeed
in current or emerging professions.
(2) The Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
(STEM) Career Cluster focuses on planning, managing, and providing
scientific research and professional and technical services, including
laboratory and testing services, and research and development services.
(3) In Principles of Technology, students will conduct
laboratory and field investigations, use scientific practices during
investigations, and make informed decisions using critical thinking
and scientific problem solving. Various systems will be described
in terms of space, time, energy, and matter. Students will study a
variety of topics that include laws of motion, conservation of energy,
momentum, electricity, magnetism, thermodynamics, and characteristics
and behavior of waves. Students will apply physics concepts and perform
laboratory experimentations for at least 40% of instructional time
using safe practices.
(4) Science, as defined by the National Academy of
Sciences, is the "use of evidence to construct testable explanations
and predictions of natural phenomena, as well as the knowledge generated
through this process." This vast body of changing and increasing knowledge
is described by physical, mathematical, and conceptual models. Students
should know that some questions are outside the realm of science because
they deal with phenomena that are not currently scientifically testable
by empirical science.
(5) Scientific inquiry is the planned and deliberate
investigation of the natural world. Scientific methods of investigation
are experimental, descriptive, or comparative. The method chosen should
be appropriate to the question being asked.
(6) Scientific decision making is a way of answering
questions about the natural world. Students should be able to distinguish
between scientific decision-making methods (scientific methods) and
ethical and social decisions that involve science (the application
of scientific information).
(7) A system is a collection of cycles, structures,
and processes that interact. All systems have basic properties that
can be described in terms of space, time, energy, and matter. Change
and constancy occur in systems as patterns and can be observed, measured,
and modeled. These patterns help to make predictions that can be scientifically
tested. Students should analyze a system in terms of its components
and how these components relate to each other, to the whole, and to
the external environment.
(8) Students are encouraged to participate in extended
learning experiences such as career and technical student organizations
and other leadership or extracurricular organizations.
(9) Statements that contain the word "including" reference
content that must be mastered, while those containing the phrase "such
as" are intended as possible illustrative examples.
(c) Knowledge and skills.
(1) The student demonstrates professional standards/employability
skills as required by business and industry. The student is expected
to:
(A) demonstrate knowledge of how to dress appropriately,
speak politely, and conduct oneself in a manner appropriate for the
profession;
(B) show the ability to cooperate, contribute, and
collaborate as a member of a group in an effort to achieve a positive
collective outcome;
(C) present written and oral communication in a clear,
concise, and effective manner;
(D) demonstrate time-management skills in prioritizing
tasks, following schedules, and performing goal-relevant activities
in a way that produces efficient results; and
(E) demonstrate punctuality, dependability, reliability,
and responsibility in performing assigned tasks as directed.
(2) The student, for at least 40% of instructional
time, conducts laboratory and field investigations using safe, environmentally
appropriate, and ethical practices. The student is expected to:
(A) demonstrate safe practices during laboratory and
field investigations; and
(B) demonstrate an understanding of the use and conservation
of resources and the proper disposal or recycling of materials.
(3) The student uses scientific methods and equipment
during laboratory and field investigations. The student is expected
to:
(A) know the definition of science and understand that
it has limitations, as specified in subsection (b)(4) of this section;
(B) know that hypotheses are tentative and testable
statements that must be capable of being supported or not supported
by observational evidence. Hypotheses of durable explanatory power,
which have been tested over a wide variety of conditions, are incorporated
into theories;
(C) know that scientific theories are based on natural
and physical phenomena and are capable of being tested by multiple
independent researchers. Unlike hypotheses, scientific theories are
well-established and highly-reliable explanations, but may be subject
to change as new areas of science and new technologies are developed;
(D) distinguish between scientific hypotheses and scientific
theories;
(E) design and implement investigative procedures,
including making observations, asking well-defined questions, formulating
testable hypotheses, identifying variables, selecting appropriate
equipment and technology, and evaluating numerical answers for reasonableness;
(F) collect and organize qualitative and quantitative
data and make measurements with accuracy and precision using tools
such as multimeters (current, voltage, resistance), balances, batteries,
dynamics demonstration equipment, collision apparatus, lab masses,
magnets, plane mirrors, convex lenses, stopwatches, trajectory apparatus,
graph paper, magnetic compasses, protractors, metric rulers, spring
scales, thermometers, and slinky springs;
(G) use a wide variety of additional course equipment
as appropriate such as ripple tank with wave generator, wave motion
rope, tuning forks, hand-held visual spectroscopes, discharge tubes
with power supply (H, He, Ne, Ar), electromagnetic spectrum charts,
laser pointers, micrometer, caliper, computer, data acquisition probes,
scientific calculators, graphing technology, electrostatic kits, electroscope,
inclined plane, optics bench, optics kit, polarized film, prisms,
pulley with table clamp, motion detectors, photogates, friction blocks,
ballistic carts or equivalent, resonance tube, stroboscope, resistors,
copper wire, switches, iron filings, and/or other equipment and materials
that will produce the same results;
(H) make measurements and record data with accuracy
and precision using scientific notation and International System (SI)
units;
(I) organize, evaluate, and make inferences from data,
including the use of tables, charts, and graphs;
(J) communicate valid conclusions supported by the
data through various methods such as lab reports, labeled drawings,
graphic organizers, journals, summaries, oral reports, and technology-based
reports; and
(K) express relationships among physical variables
quantitatively, including the use of graphs, charts, and equations.
(4) The student uses critical thinking, scientific
reasoning, and problem solving to make informed decisions within and
outside the classroom. The student is expected to:
(A) analyze, evaluate, and critique scientific explanations
by using empirical evidence, logical reasoning, and experimental and
observational testing, so as to encourage critical thinking by the
student;
(B) communicate and apply scientific information extracted
from various sources such as current events, news reports, published
journal articles, and marketing materials;
(C) explain the impacts of the scientific contributions
of a variety of historical and contemporary scientists on scientific
thought and society;
(D) research and describe the connections between physics
and future careers; and
(E) express, manipulate, and interpret relationships
symbolically to make predictions and solve problems mathematically.
(5) The student uses the scientific process to investigate
physical concepts. The student is expected to:
(A) demonstrate an understanding that scientific hypotheses
are tentative and testable statements that must be capable of being
supported by observational evidence;
Cont'd... |
