| (C) any component critical to safe operation of the
radiographic exposure device fails to properly perform its intended
function;
(D) an indicator on a radiation machine fails to show
that radiation is being produced;
(E) an exposure switch on a radiation machine fails
to terminate production of radiation when turned to the off position;
or
(F) a safety interlock fails to terminate x-ray production.
(3) The licensee or registrant shall include the following
information in each report submitted in accordance with paragraph
(2) of this subsection:
(A) a description of the equipment problem;
(B) cause of each incident, if known;
(C) manufacturer and model and serial number of equipment
involved in the incident;
(D) location, time, and date of the incident;
(E) actions taken to establish normal operations;
(F) corrective actions taken or planned to prevent
recurrence; and
(G) names of personnel involved in the incident.
(p) Individual monitoring.
(1) The individual monitoring program shall meet the
applicable requirements of §289.202 of this title or §289.231
of this title.
(2) During industrial radiographic operations, the
following shall apply.
(A) No licensee or registrant shall permit an individual
to act as a radiographer, radiographer trainer, or radiographer trainee
unless each individual wears, on the trunk of the body at all times
during radiographic operations:
(i) an individual monitoring device that meets the
applicable requirements of §289.202(p)(3) and (4), (q), and (r)
of this title or §289.231(s)(3) of this title;
(ii) a direct-reading pocket dosimeter or an electronic
personal dosimeter; and
(iii) an operable alarming ratemeter.
(B) For permanent radiographic installations where
other appropriate alarming or warning devices are in routine use,
the wearing of an alarming ratemeter is not required.
(C) Pocket dosimeters shall meet the criteria in ANSI
13.5-1972 at the time of manufacture and shall have a range of zero
to 200 mrem (2 mSv). Electronic personal dosimeters may only be used
in place of ion-chamber pocket dosimeters.
(D) Pocket dosimeters shall be recharged at the start
of each work shift.
(E) As a minimum, direct reading pocket dosimeters
shall be recharged and electronic personal dosimeters reset, and "start"
readings recorded:
(i) immediately before checking out any source of radiation
from an authorized storage location for the purposes of conducting
industrial radiographic operations; and
(ii) before beginning radiographic operations on any
subsequent calendar day (if the source of radiation has not been checked
back into an authorized storage site).
(F) Whenever radiographic operations are concluded
for the day, the "end" readings on pocket dosimeters or electronic
personal dosimeters shall be recorded and the accumulated occupational
doses for that day determined and recorded.
(G) If an individual's pocket dosimeter is discharged
beyond its range (for example, goes "off-scale"), or if an individual's
electronic personal dosimeter reads greater than 200 mrem (2 mSv)
and the possibility of radiation exposure cannot be ruled out as the
cause, industrial radiographic operations by that individual shall
cease and the individual's monitoring device shall be processed immediately.
The individual shall not return to work with sources of radiation
until a determination of the radiation exposure has been made. This
determination shall be made by the RSO or the RSO's designee. The
results of this determination shall be included in the records maintained
in accordance with paragraphs (5) and (6) of this subsection and subsection
(v)(1) of this section.
(H) Each individual monitoring device shall be assigned
to and worn by only one individual.
(I) Film badges shall be replaced at periods not to
exceed one month and other personnel dosimeters processed and evaluated
by an accredited National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program
(NVLAP) processor shall be replaced at periods not to exceed three
months. After replacement, each individual monitoring device shall
be returned to the supplier for processing within 14 calendar days
of the exchange date specified by the personnel monitoring supplier
or as soon as practicable. In circumstances that make it impossible
to return each individual monitoring device within 14 calendar days,
such circumstances shall be documented and available for review by
the agency.
(J) If an individual monitoring device is lost or damaged,
the worker shall cease work immediately until a replacement individual
monitoring device is provided and the exposure is calculated for the
time period from issuance to loss or damage of the individual monitoring
device. The results of the calculated exposure and the time period
for which the individual monitoring device was lost or damaged shall
be included in the records maintained in accordance with paragraph
(6) of this subsection and subsection (v)(1) of this section.
(3) Pocket dosimeters or electronic personal dosimeters
shall be checked for correct response to radiation at periods not
to exceed one year. Acceptable dosimeters shall read within plus or
minus 20% of the true radiation exposure.
(4) Each alarming ratemeter shall:
(A) be checked without being exposed to radiation prior
to use at the start of each work shift, to ensure that the audible
alarm is functioning properly;
(B) be set to give an alarm signal at a preset dose
rate of 500 mrem/hr (5 mSv/hr) or lower with an accuracy of plus or
minus 20% of the true radiation dose rate;
(C) require special means to change the preset alarm
function;
(D) be calibrated for correct response to radiation
at intervals not to exceed one year; and
(E) have an audible alarm sufficient to be heard by
the individual wearing the alarming ratemeter in a work environment
or have other visual or physical notification of alarming conditions.
(5) The following records required by this subsection
shall be made and maintained by the licensee or registrant for inspection
by the agency in accordance with the following time requirements and
subsection (v)(1) of this section.
(A) Records of pocket dosimeter or electronic personal
dosimeter readings and yearly operational response checks shall be
maintained for three years. If the dosimeter readings were used to
determine external radiation dose (for example, no individual monitoring
device exposure records exist), the records shall be maintained for
agency inspection until disposal is authorized by the agency.
(B) Records of pocket dosimeter and electronic personal
dosimeter readings of personnel exposures shall be maintained for
three years.
(C) Records of estimates of exposures as a result of
off-scale personal direct-reading dosimeters, or lost or damaged individual
monitoring devices shall be maintained until disposal is authorized
by the agency.
(6) The following records required by this subsection
shall be maintained in accordance with the following time requirements
and subsection (v)(1) of this section.
(A) Records of alarming ratemeter calibrations shall
be maintained for three years.
(B) Records of individual monitoring device results
received from the device processor shall be maintained until disposal
is authorized by the agency.
(q) Access control.
(1) During each industrial radiographic operation,
radiographic personnel shall maintain continuous visual surveillance
of the operation to protect against unauthorized entry into a radiation
area or high radiation area, except at permanent radiographic installations
where all entryways are locked and the requirements of subsection
(n) of this section are met.
(2) Radiographic exposure devices shall not be left
unattended except when in storage or physically secured against unauthorized
removal or tampering.
(r) Posting. All areas in which industrial radiography
is being performed shall be posted conspicuously in accordance with
§289.202 of this title or §289.231 of this title, as applicable,
including the following.
(1) Radiation areas. Each radiation area shall be posted
conspicuously with a sign(s) displaying the radiation caution symbol
and the words "CAUTION, RADIATION AREA" or "DANGER, RADIATION AREA."
(2) High radiation area. Each high radiation area shall
be posted conspicuously with a sign(s) displaying the radiation caution
symbol and the words "CAUTION, HIGH RADIATION AREA" or "DANGER, HIGH
RADIATION AREA."
Cont'd... |
